Macrourinae

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Macrourinae
Coelorinchus caribbaeus

Coelorinchus caribbaeus

Systematics
Acanthomorphata
Paracanthopterygii
Order : Cod-like (Gadiformes)
Subordination : Macrouroidei
Family : Grenadier fish (Macrouridae)
Subfamily : Macrourinae
Scientific name
Macrourinae
Bonaparte , 1832

The Macrourinae ( Syn .: Coryphaenoidinae) are a group of fish from the order of the cod-like (Gadiformes). With the exception of the high Arctic , the fish live in all oceans at depths of up to 6500 meters.

features

Like all grenadier fish, the Macrourinae have an elongated body with a tapering tail that has no caudal fin. They include both the smallest (10 cm in Hymenocephalus papyraceus ) and the largest grenadier fish (1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis ). All Macrourinae have two dorsal fins, a short first and a long second, separated from the first by a gap longer than half the base of the first dorsal fin. The first dorsal fin is supported by two spiny fin rays and 7 to 22 segmented soft rays. The rays of the second dorsal fin are usually very short, shorter than the opposite rays of the anal fin.

Scales of Cetonurus crassiceps

The mouth can be wide and terminal or small and under-positioned. The jaws are protractile (can be pushed forward). The number and shape of teeth can also vary greatly. Some Macrourinae have few canines, others numerous tiny teeth arranged in rows. The goatee can be long or short and can also be absent. The number of Branchiostegal rays is six or seven, rarely eight. The size of the gill cleft is limited by skin folds above and below. The number of gill trap rays on the lower branch of the first gill arch is less than 22.

In the species of Macrourinae investigated as a result, the number of trunk vertebrae is 10 to 15. Most species have prickly scales. The swim bladder is well developed in most species and has two to eleven rete mirabile . Most species have special muscles that can vibrate the swim bladder to produce sounds. The anus lies immediately in front of the anal fin or between the anal fin and the pelvic fins. Most genera have ventral (abdominal) luminous organs . No light organs are present in any of the other subfamilies of the grenadiers. The light organs are in the genus Coelorinchus developed at the highest and also at Hymenocephalus and Malacocephalus still very complex.

Way of life

According to their different snout, mouth and tooth shapes, the Macrourinae use different food sources. The food spectrum of the Macrourinae includes poly-bristles , syringes , mussels , snails , brittle stars , sea ​​cucumbers , hermit crabs , crabs and other bottom-dwelling invertebrates, but also pelagic prey such as copepods , amphipods , state jellyfish , cephalopods , free-swimming crustaceans and fish. Vertical migration has been demonstrated for Coryphaenoides rupestris and is also likely to be common in other larger Macrourinae species such as C. acrolepis and C. filifer .

Almost nothing is known about the reproduction of the Macrourinae. Its pelagic eggs are believed to float close to the ocean floor. Since only a few larval stages were caught despite the frequency of the adult fish, it is assumed that the larvae develop very quickly.

Genera

Coryphaenoides leptolepis
Malacocephalus occidentalis
Nezumia sclerorhynchus
Trachonurus sulcatus

use

The Macrourinae subfamily includes almost all grenadier fish that are important for the fishing industry. They make up a large part of the bycatch when catching other fish species and are processed into fish meal or fish oil and, especially in Russia, also sold as fish fillet .

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Cohen, DM; Inada.T .; Iwamoto, T .; Scialabba, N. FAO species catalog. Vol. 10: Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalog of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol. 10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442 p. on-line
  • Adela Roa-Varón, Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic relationships among families of Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2009) 688-704, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2009.03.020

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hymenocephalus papyraceus on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ Albatrossia pectoralis on Fishbase.org (English)

Web links

Commons : Macrourinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files