Aspang railway station memorial
The Aspangbahnhof memorial was opened in Vienna in September 2017 - 75 years after the last deportations from this train station in the east of the city. It commemorates people who were deported from Vienna by National Socialist criminals between 1939 and 1942 . It is located on the area of the former Aspang train station in Vienna- Landstrasse , the third district of Vienna. On February 1, 1941, the Viennese Gestapo boss Ebner announced the first 13 directives for the deportation of the Jewish population of Vienna to the official director of the Kultusgemeinde . From this station, 47,035 people were deported to the concentration camps and extermination camps in Eastern Europe. Only 1,073 people survived these death trains.
The majority of the total of more than 66,000 Austrian Shoah victims were ordered to four Nazi assembly camps before deportation, and from there they were sent "to the east" (mostly synonymous with death, murder). The Nazi assembly camps were located in Kleine Sperlgasse 2a, Castellezgasse 35 and two camps in Malzgasse 7 and 16 in Leopoldstadt . From there, 1,000 people were brought in trucks through the middle of the city to the Aspang train station.
From 1943 onwards, thousands of other Jewish Viennese were deported from the Nordbahnhof (Praterstern station) to the Nazi extermination camps.
Inscriptions
Inscriptions that are not contrasted in color and are therefore very inconspicuous directly in the memorial read:
- "1073 Survivors" (At the beginning of the left track)
- "47035 Deportees" (next to the right track)
On the concrete block at the front it says:
- "Aspangbahnhof 47035 deportees, 47 transports in 1939 and 1941/42, 1073 survivors"
Additional texts can be found on boards next to the memorial. They explain the meaning of the short inscriptions on the two tracks and, in addition to the days of the deportation trains, name the number of victims and the destination of the respective deportation train.
A list of the deportation trains from Vienna to the concentration and extermination camps, then vaguely circumscribed as to the East , with information on the number of victims:
- Deportation train on October 20, 1939
- Deportation train on October 26, 1939
- Deportation train on February 15, 1941
- Deportation train on February 19, 1941
- Deportation train on February 26, 1941
- Deportation train on March 5th, 1941
- Deportation train on March 12, 1941
- Deportation train on October 15, 1941
- Deportation train on October 19, 1941
- Deportation train on October 23, 1941
- Deportation train on October 28, 1941
- Deportation train on November 2nd, 1941
- Deportation train on November 23, 1941
- Deportation train on November 28, 1941
- Deportation train on December 3rd, 1941
- Deportation train on January 11, 1942
- Deportation train on January 26, 1942
- Deportation train on February 6, 1942
- Deportation train on April 9, 1942
- Deportation train on April 27, 1942
- Deportation train on May 6, 1942
- Deportation train on May 12, 1942
- Deportation train on May 15, 1942
- Deportation train on May 20, 1942
- Deportation train on May 27, 1942
- Deportation train on June 2nd, 1942
- Deportation train on June 5, 1942
- Deportation train on June 9, 1942
- Deportation train on June 14, 1942
- Deportation train on June 20, 1942
- Deportation train on June 28, 1942
- Deportation train on July 10, 1942
- Deportation train on July 14, 1942
- Deportation train on July 17, 1942
- Deportation train on July 22, 1942
- Deportation train on July 28, 1942
- Deportation train on August 13, 1942
- Deportation train on August 17, 1942
- Deportation train on August 20, 1942
- Deportation train on August 27, 1942
- Deportation train on August 31, 1942
- Deportation train on September 10, 1942
- Deportation train on September 14, 1942
- Deportation train on September 24, 1942
- Deportation train on October 1st, 1942
- Deportation train on October 5th, 1942
- Deportation train on October 9, 1942
Each of these trains was "filled" with around 1,000 prisoners. The only exception was the 46th train on October 5, 1942 to the M. Trostinez extermination camp , in which, according to the perpetrators, there were 544 prisoners that day.
The information in the table follows: Jonny Moser: “Austria”, in: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Dimension des Genölkermord. The number of Jewish victims of National Socialism. Munich 1991, pp. 72-92.
Design, funding
The memorial was designed by the artist duo PRINZpod and financed by the City of Vienna with around 330,000 euros.
location
It is located in Leon-Zelman-Park in the street triangle from Aspangstraße (at the level of house numbers 29–33) and Adolf-Blamauer-Gasse. There are no more traces of the station itself. The expanded street area of Aspangstrasse, adjacent to the north, has only been called the Place of Victims of Deportation since 1995 .
See also
- Memorial at Judenplatz (2000)
- Central office for Jewish emigration in Vienna (bureaucratic robbery, Brunner's and Eichmann's office , planning and organization of railway operations)
- On the process of robbery: Ordinance on the use of Jewish assets , Aryanization
- Jewish index or register of Jews
- Arrival points of racially persecuted deportees in Vienna:
- Gänserndorf train station
- Strasshof transit camp (abbreviated Dulag, also forced labor camp), in Strasshof on the northern railway
literature
- Dieter J. Hecht, Michaela Raggam-Blesch, Heidemarie Uhl (eds.): Last Places - The Vienna assembly camps and the deportations 1941/42. Mandelbaum, Vienna, 2019. ISBN 978385476-592-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information boards with deportation destinations (PDF format)
- ↑ Report in the Wiener Zeitung , accessed on September 8, 2017
- ^ " Aspangbahnhof" memorial in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- ↑ The Vienna Wiki also gives the text on the explanatory panel