Bog plow

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Mammoth plow at the presentation (1948)

Moor plows are deep plows ( steam plows ) developed by the Ottomeyer company that were used to cultivate raised bog areas in the Emsland .

Two steam locomotives to drive the mammoth plow
Tiefpflug Oldenburg in the museum village of Cloppenburg

history

As part of the Emsland program or Emsland plan , large areas of moorland were cultivated in the Weser - Ems- Land from the beginning of the 1950s . The company Wilhelm Otto Meyer in Bad Pyrmont was the oldest Mietpflug companies in Germany the preferred company for the development and provision of equipment for the peat cultivation . Together with the State Moor Research Station in Bremen , she developed the method of the German mixed sand culture , according to which layers of peat in the moor are mixed with the underlying sand using a plow and the impermeable layers of local stone are broken to ensure water drainage.

The first steam plow came to Emsland from Leeds in 1872. This plow developed by Fowler , which was named Meppen, was able to plow the ground 70 to 80 cm deep. The mammoth plow was used as the first moor plow with a correspondingly profiled share and a plowing depth of over 2 m from 1948, in 1959/60 the smaller deep plow Oldenburg with a plowing depth of 1.8 m was constructed, which was first used in May 1960. At this point in time 15 pairs of locomobiles were still in use as part of the Emsland program; Two of these were needed per plow, i.e. four machines per plow. Until 1970 the plows and steam locomotives were mostly in use for up to 18 hours a day for 75 to 100 days a year. Until 1972, steam-powered plowing was still used in the Emsland.

After the deep plow Oldenburg was no longer used in peatland cultivation, it stood in Vordersten Thüle for 35 years before it was donated to the museum village of Cloppenburg . There it was set up between the visitor parking lot, administration building and exhibition hall.

A copy of the mammoth plow is today with two steam locomotives in the Emsland Moor Museum in Geeste-Groß Hesepe (Emsland).

Oldenburg: View of the caterpillar and furrow wheel
Mammoth plow in the Emsland Moor Museum

technology

The deep plows, which were used for peat cultivation, are designed as single- blade tipping plows for steam locomotive trains. The steam locomotives - two on each side of the moor to be cultivated - were built in 1914 by the English company Fowler. At first they had an output of 240 hp each. For the mammoth plow, they were converted to 480 hp each in 1954, so that almost 1000 hp pulled each side of the plow. The control hydraulics have 27 HP. In five hours, 1 hectare of land was cultivated and made usable for agriculture (in raised bog culture this would have taken 500 working days).

The plow drove with a wide caterpillar track - this system had been patented in 1942 - on the still unploughed part of the land, while its relatively narrow wheel drove on the other side in the already plowed furrow. The furrow wheel of the more than 28-tonne machines has a diameter of 2.50 meters in the Oldenburg and even 4 meters in the Mammut. The maximum plowing depth was 1.80 meters for the Oldenburg and 2.15 meters for the Mammut. The peat layer in the mammoth was allowed to be up to 145 cm thick in order to achieve the best layering of sand / peat. The soil was tipped and reached alternating stratification. Several people operated the plow while working and provided flags for communication with the steam locomotives that were pulling the plow.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Outdoor exhibition area: Mammut and Lokomobile, Emsland Moormuseum ( Memento from April 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ http://www.albert-gieseler.de/dampf_de/firmen1/firmadet18283.shtml
  3. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cellesche-zeitung.de
  4. ↑ http://www.nwzonline.de/Region/Kreis/Cloppenburg/Cloppenburg/Artikel/1885393/Museum+erh%E4lt+neuen+Eingang.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was created automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nwzonline.de  
  5. ↑ http://www.traktorclassic.de/zeitschriftenartikel-4936.html?nav=668&show=seite4