Mandriva Linux
| Mandriva Linux | |
|---|---|
 Mandrake 10.1 |
|
| developer | Mandriva S.A. |
| License (s) |
open source like
GPL and other licenses |
| Current version |
2011.0 from August 28, 2011 (8 years and 365 days ago) |
| ancestry |
GNU / Linux ↳ Red Hat Linux ↳ Mandrake ↳ Mandriva Linux |
| Architecture (s) | i586 , x64 |
| Others | Language: multilingual, u. a. German |
|
|
|
Mandriva Linux and Mandrake refer to the GNU / Linux distributions developed by the French company Mandriva or MandrakeSoft , based in Paris , whose operating system parts such as Microsoft Windows can be used as the operating system on PCs and laptops. The first release or version of the Mandrake distribution, consisting of the operating system parts and all programs running on it , Mandrake 5.1 appeared in the summer of 1998.
The company Mandriva S. A. emerged in February 2005 from the merger of the French software company MandrakeSoft with the Brazilian company Conectiva . In 2011 the last version of the Mandriva distribution appeared. It was published by Mandriva and together with the Russian partner ROSAlab. Mandriva tried to gain a foothold in the corporate environment with other products and services and gave the development of distributions back to the developer community.
Since May 2015 the company Mandriva is in the process of a judicial liquidation ( French liquidation judiciaire ). On October 10, 2017, the company was deregistered from the French company register.
history
Mandrake
On July 23, 1998, Gaël Duval released his first Red Hat Linux- based Mandrake distribution. Shortly afterwards he founded the company MandrakeSoft together with Jacques Le Marois and Frédéric Bastok. The IPO followed on July 30, 2001. Almost a year and a half later, on January 13, 2003, MandrakeSoft had to file an application for bankruptcy protection because the company had entered the crisis. The company then restructured. Many contributors from the Mandrake community remained loyal to the distribution despite the financial situation. As a result, MandrakeSoft was able to leave the bankruptcy protection on March 30, 2004 and restore ongoing operations. A maximum of nine years was set for debt reduction.
MandrakeSoft began expanding rapidly: On September 17, 2004, MandrakeSoft took over the open source service provider Edge It. On February 24, 2005, the Brazilian Linux distributor Conectiva followed for around 1.79 million euros. The main objective of the takeover was to expand the area of research and development. In 2005 the company renamed itself Mandriva and its Linux distribution was renamed Mandriva Linux . This on the one hand avoided the legal dispute with the Hearst publishing group regarding a comic book magician of the same name , and on the other hand clarified the merger with Conectiva. On June 16, the takeover of the distributor Lycoris was announced. The dispute with the Hearst publishing group ended on July 19 with a settlement .
After Mandrake Linux 10.1, new versions only appeared once a year at times. In addition, the previous numbering of the versions was abandoned; the next version was not called 10.2, as expected, but was called Limited Edition 2005 . This was not an official retail version, but a transitional release that was only offered for download.
Mandriva
After the release of Mandrake Linux 10.1 in 2004, Mandriva Linux 2005 LE was released the next year . The reason for the changed publication cycle was mainly the takeover of Conectiva and the associated integration into Mandriva Linux.
In October 2006, Mandriva took over the French software company Linbox FAS for around 1.7 million euros, which was largely financed by shares .
At the beginning of 2007, Mandriva announced - probably also because of growing dissatisfaction in the user community - that it would return to the semi-annual publication cycle with some minor changes. While the shortened cycle is intended to ensure that the application software is up-to-date, desktop components are to be provided with updates for 12 months and the basic system for 18 months.
Mandriva SA also found a new partner for the development of the Mandriva Linux distribution in the Russian company ROSAlab. Together they developed the last version of the Mandriva Powerpack 2011. The last release that appeared in the summer of 2011 was called Mandriva 2011 Hydrogen.
The decision was made by Mandriva to concentrate more on enterprise products and to develop new products and services such as Mandriva Business Server and Mandriva ServicePlace .
The company has been in liquidation since May 2015.
successor
OpenMandriva
The Mandriva Linux distribution was given to an independent association under French law. The name of the association and the distribution were determined by a survey on "OpenMandriva Association" and "OpenMandriva Lx". On Friday, November 22nd, 2013 the first release of "OpenMandriva Lx" was announced. OpenMandriva is based on the Russian Linux distribution ROSA Linux , which originally emerged as a spin-off from Mandriva in 2010 .
Mageia
In September 2010, one was from the Mandriva developers Jérôme Quelin elimination ( english fork announced) under the name Mageia. The reason was the uncertain continuation of the Mandriva project, because after the liquidation of Edge-IT belonging to Mandriva, the employees working for Mandriva-Linux had been laid off. Since then, the further development of the Linux distribution has been continued as a community project by Mageia.Org , also an association under French law ( constituted by Jérôme Quelin and 16 other founding members).
So far, Mageia.Org has released four versions of the distribution. A fifth release was released as Mageia 5 on June 20, 2015. The successor Mageia 6 was released in July 2017 and the latest version has been available for download since then.
Special features of the distribution
The system configuration for Mandrake and Mandriva Linux was configured with its own tools as part of the Drak tools - a central graphical user interface (Mandriva control center) was available for this.
Package and software management
Mandriva Linux used the package manager urpmi , which automates the management of RPM packages. Packages could be installed and updated from both local and remote sources. Dependencies and possible conflicts were monitored and, if necessary, resolved. The software management took place via the front-end RPMDrake , which is part of the Drak tools.
The system of official package sources was gradually converted during the second half of 2006. The sources main (packages of the base system), contrib (packages contributed by the community) and updates (updates) no longer exist in their old form. Instead, the package sources are now divided into the branches main (base system), contrib (community packages) and nonfree ( proprietary software). Each branch had a source of release , updates , and backports. The advantage was that the operating system could be updated much more selectively.
Since not all packages are officially supported by Mandriva, it was recommended to set up additional package sources with e.g. B. EasyUrpmi.
3D desktop
When it was released, Mandriva Linux 2007.0 was the first Linux distribution with integrated support for 3D desktop effects using Beryl .
Since Mandriva Linux 2007.1, the Mandriva Control Center , an interface for changing the basic settings, had a dialog for selecting the 3D desktop. There you could switch between Beryl , Compiz and Mandriva's own Metisse . Also enabled Nvidia - graphics cards also between the AIGLX extension for X.org and Xgl be selected. With less powerful hardware , the 3D effects could also be completely switched off.
Starting with Mandriva 2009.0, KDE Plasma Desktop was provided as the default desktop. 3D effects were activated by default. However, other window managers such as B. Compiz can be used.
Mandriva Club
Initially, subscribing to the Mandriva Club for a fee gave users early access to the distribution's official downloads and other benefits. Often focused on the downloads of the CD / DVD - images Club members a few days before publication. In addition, Mandriva maintained a collection of program packages that are only available to club members. These mostly contain proprietary software, which Mandriva had to pay license fees to sell.
The monthly contributions were from US $ 5 and up. This has now been changed because many members of the Mandriva community were dissatisfied with the club. The club was decoupled from the commercial offerings in order to achieve greater openness, as is already the case with Linux distributions such as openSUSE , Fedora and Ubuntu .
Membership in the Mandriva Club was later open to all registered users. However, Mandriva SA continued to give the option of purchasing a 12-month subscription to the commercial Powerpack. During the subscription period, the customer could download the Powerpack via BitTorrent or FTP server (including proprietary software).
Technical support
Since Mandriva Linux was a distribution with a commercial background, users could get technical support in two ways .
- Commercial Support: Users can purchase professional telephone and e-mail support for various areas of application in Mandriva's online shop .
- Community support: Free support in Internet forums , IRC channels, mailing lists and newsgroups .
The Mandriva Expert platform represents a combination of both possibilities. Problems can be presented to other users free of charge and commercial support can be used if necessary.
Mandriva products
The distribution was available in several differently oriented variants:
- InstantOn (paid product for small installations)
- Mandriva Business Server (for small and medium-sized businesses)
- Mandriva Enterprise Server 5.2
- Mandriva Pulse2 and CloudPulse
- Mandriva Linux Free 2011
- Mandriva PowerPack 2011
- Mandriva One (Live CD)
- Mandriva Flash (no longer available)
Mandriva One was a free downloadable combination of live system and installation media on a single CD. The installation took place in live operation. Due to the limited storage space, only the most important applications were on the CD. Users with more extensive requirements could download and install additional programs via the package management after the installation. Different versions with KDE Plasma or Gnome desktop environments or proprietary drivers were available.
Mandriva Linux Free was called the free download version without proprietary or commercial software. It could be downloaded either as a set of 4 CDs or as a single DVD, with the DVD output containing both 32-bit and 64-bit packages. There was already a large amount of additional software on the installation media. Here, too, additional package sources can be set up after the installation in order to subsequently install program packages from the Internet.
The Mandriva PowerPack was tailored for ambitious computer users and software developers; the installation media contained a correspondingly larger selection of software. For example, there was a DVD player software and audio / video codecs in the power pack.
Mandriva Business Server is aimed at small and medium-sized companies and is available free of charge in the SOHO version (without support). The product is completely available in German and offers a connection to an online offer from which company applications such as groupware software etc. can be installed. The OwnCloud software is also available for creating cloud computing systems.
Versions
| Legend: | Older version; no longer supported | Older version; still supported | Current version | Future version |
|---|
| version | Surname | publication | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | Venice | July 23, 1998 | |
| 5.2 | Leeloo | December 1, 1998 | |
| 5.3 | Firm | February 11, 1999 | |
| 6.0 | Venus | May 27, 1999 | |
| 6.1 | Helios | September 14, 1999 | |
| 7.0 | Air | January 14, 2000 | |
| 7.1 | helium | June 13, 2000 | |
| 7.2 | Odyssey | October 30, 2000 | |
| 8.0 | Traktopel | April 20, 2001 | |
| 8.1 | vitamin | September 27, 2001 | |
| 8.2 | Bluebird | March 18, 2002 | |
| 9.0 | Dolphin | September 25, 2002 | |
| 9.1 | Bamboo | March 25, 2003 | |
| 9.2 | FiveStar | October 14, 2003 | |
| 10.0 | - | March 4, 2004 | |
| 10.1 | - | September 16, 2004 | last version, superseded by Mandriva Linux |
| version | Surname | publication | Kernel version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 LE | April 14, 2005 | 2.6.11 | |
| 2006 | WarLy | October 6, 2005 | 2.6.12 |
| 2007.0 | October 3, 2006 | 2.6.17 | |
| 2007.1 | Jump | April 17, 2007 | 2.6.17 |
| 2008 | October 9, 2007 | 2.6.22.9 | |
| 2008.1 | Jump | April 9, 2008 | 2.6.24.4 |
| 2009 | October 9, 2008 | 2.6.27 rc8 | |
| 2009.1 | Jump | April 29, 2009 | 2.6.29.1 |
| 2010 | November 3, 2009 | 2.6.31.5 | |
| 2010.1 | Jump | July 8, 2010 | 2.6.33.5 |
| 2010.2 | December 22, 2010 | 2.6.33.7 | |
| 2011.0 | Hydrogen | August 29, 2011 | 2.6.38.7 |
| version | Surname | publication | Kernel version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013.0 | Oxygen | 22nd of November 2013 | 3.11.6 |
| 2014.0 | Phosphorus | May 1, 2014 | 3.13.11 |
| 2014.1 | 26 Sep 2014 | 3.15.10 NRJQL | |
| 3.0 | 16 Aug 2016 | 4.9.0 | |
| 3.01 | 24th Dec 2016 | 4.9.0 | |
| 4.0 | June 16, 2016 | 5.1.9 |
| version | date |
|---|---|
| 3.0 | January 5, 2005 |
| 4.0 | June 21, 2007 |
| version | date |
|---|---|
| 1.0.1 | September 4, 2000 |
| 2.1 | February 6, 2003 |
| 3.0 | January 10, 2005 |
| 4.0 | September 2006 |
Derivatives
There are several distributions based on Mandriva Linux. A derivative that is in widespread use is PCLinuxOS . PCLinuxOS is primarily intended for desktop use, while server use plays a lesser role. A netbook version has also been created by the German community since 2009. It is looked after exclusively by the German community and not by Mandriva itself.
The collaboration between the Russian company ROSAlab and Mandriva SA resulted in not only the Mandriva Linux 2011 version, but also the so-called ROSA desktop for the Russian market. The ROSA Desktop Enterprise version focuses on long-term support, while the “Fresh” version focuses on the delivery of the latest software. ROSAlab and the OpenMandriva Association work closely together, for example in terms of packaging and the infrastructure (ABF - Automated Build Farm), which is largely carried out by ROSAlab.
Furthermore, a project called “Moondrake”, which is friendly to the OpenMandriva project, is being developed, which uses classic components such as the classic installation routine of Mandrake Linux.
See also
Web links
-
http://www.mandriva.com/Official website unavailable -
http://wiki.mandriva.com/deMandriva-Wiki - official German-language wiki of Mandriva Linux not available - Mandriva Users Board
- OpenMandriva blog
- Open Mandriva
- Mageia
- Mageia Wiki
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mandriva 2011 “Hydrogen” is out! . August 28, 2011 (accessed June 23, 2013).
- ↑ Oliver Diedrich: Linux distributor Mandriva is at the end of May 26, 2015, Heise Online, accessed on May 26, 2015
- ^ Emilie Dubois: Mandriva, Liquidation judiciaire pour l'éditeur de Mandrake Linux . Online magazine. linformatique.org , accessed July 2, 2015 ( French ).
- ↑ MANDRIVA (PARIS) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur , SOCIETE.COM ( French )
- ↑ a b Mandriva 2011 “Hydrogen” is out! ( Memento of the original from February 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=openmandriva
- ↑ Heise News, Fork should save Mandriva , September 20, 2010, accessed on September 28, 2011
- ^ Statutes of Mageia.Org
- ↑ Mageia, a new Linux distribution , September 18, 2010, accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ EasyUrpmi ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.pro-linux.de/news/2007/11794.html
- ↑ http://www.pro-linux.de/news/1/11794/mandriva-gibt-den-mandriva-club-auf.html
- ↑ What's New in OpenMandriva Lx 2013.0?
- ↑ What's New in OpenMandriva Lx 2014.0?
- ↑ 2014.1 / Release Notes
- ↑ https://blog.openmandriva.org/2016/08/openmandriva-lx-3-0-final-release-is-out/
- ↑ https://blog.openmandriva.org/2016/12/openmandriva-lx-3-01-our-holidays-gift/
- ↑ https://wiki.openmandriva.org/en/4.0/Release_Notes#Kernel
