Maniraptoriformes

Maniraptoriformes
Live recton construction of Gigantoraptor , an oviraptosaur
Temporal occurrence
Upper Jurassic to Holocene
157.3 to 0 million years
Locations
worldwide
Systematics
Dinosaur (dinosauria) Lizard dinosaur (Saurischia) Theropoda Tetanurae Coelurosauria Maniraptoriformes
Scientific name
Maniraptoriformes
Holtz , 1995

Maniraptoriformes is a taxon within the Coelurosauria and includes the systematic groups Ornithomimosauria and Maniraptora . It thus includes theropod dinosaurs from which birds emerged .

properties

With the exception of therizinosaurs , all of the original maniraptoriformes were carnivores . For example, while the Archeopteryx , which lived 150 million years ago, was only about the size of a pigeon, other Maniraptoriformes such as Therizinosaurus were almost ten meters in length. Accordingly, the weight of the Maniraptoriformes varied greatly. All of them, again with the exception of the therizinosaurs, were built relatively lightly.

Fossil finds

In China in particular , many fossils belonging to the Maniraptoriformes genera have been discovered in recent years . Feather prints were sometimes found in the fossils (e.g. Sinornithosaurus ). However, fossils of the genera of the Maniraptoriformes have also been found in North and South America as well as in Europe , Africa and Australia .

The oldest fossils come from rocks around 160 million years old.

Internal system

Garudimimus

Iberomesornis

The following diagram shows the internal systematics of the Maniraptoriformes.

Maniraptoriformes	Ornithomimosauria   Maniraptora    Ornitholestes      Therizinosauroidea      Alvarezsauroidea      Oviraptosauria   Paraves     Deinonychosauria    Troodontidae      Dromaeosauridae      Avialae  ( birds in the broader sense)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Phil Senter, Rinchen Barsbold , Brooks B. Britt, David A. Burnham: Systematics and evolution of Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda). In: Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History. Vol. 8, 2004, ISSN  1342-4092 , pp. 1-20.
2. ^ Phil Senter: A new look at the phylogeny of coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). In: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Vol. 5, No. 4, 2007, ISSN  1477-2019 , pp. 429-463, doi : 10.1017 / S1477201907002143 .
3. ↑ Xing Xu , Zhong-he Zhou , Richard O. Prum. Branched integumental structures in Sinornithosaurus and the origin of feathers. In: Nature . Vol. 410, No. 6825, 2001, pp. 200-204, doi : 10.1038 / 35065589 .

Web links

• cas.bellarmine.edu