Man (truss)
The term man (man figure) describes a form of the strut cross on a stand in the Alemannic and Franconian half-timbered building .
Distinctions
Regionally, a distinction is made between man , half man , man with foot and headband , wild man , Hessenmann , Schwäbisches Männle , Schwäbisches Weible and Schwäbisches Kindle . The forerunners of men can probably be found in Württemberg , where the male form is also known as Dambedei , and in Graubünden as Tambeda .
Condition and function
In the time of transition (Heinrich Walbe) from medieval to modern half-timbering, from 1470 to 1550, in central Germany, the uprights of a half-timbered structure were no longer braced individually by means of ankle and headband, but in the bundle. The stands no longer extended over several floors as with the older stand construction , but the individual floors were now built separately, which also enabled protrusions and condensed the grid. In the case of the collar bracing, the strut crosses are on corner and collar posts. The struts are floor-to-ceiling, three-quarter-story high or a combination of three-quarter-story and half-story. The collar bracing consists of two struts from below ( foot strap ) against the stand and pairs of opposing struts that intersect from above ( head strap ). Male figures from this transition period are generally referred to as "wild men" or "wild men". The “wild man” (derived from the being “ wild man ”) appears as an abstract figure of a person with arms stretched out and legs spread apart. The often rumored interpretation of the construction method as a symbol with a disaster-protecting function is scientifically unsustainable.
Further developed struts with head struts shortened to head angle wood with three-quarter-storey foot struts are referred to as "man" or "Hessenmann".
Examples
Examples of man figures:
- Castle and former "Great Herberg" in Kirchheim unter Teck (Württemberg), 1540
- Reichelsheim Town Hall , 1554
- Melsungen Town Hall , 1556
- Harburg Town Hall (Swabia) , the core of the 15th century
literature
- Manfred Gerner: Fachwerk: development, repair, new building , DVA, 2007, ISBN 978-3-421-03575-2
Web links
- From the “wild man” in the half-timbered house , Meuselwitz
- Wilde Mann-Form Erbsengasse 1 (45) Schreinersch , Dreihausen
- Half-timbered construction: Timber designation in a half-timbered wall ( Memento from May 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- The meaning of the various half-timbered figures
- Wilder Mann In: The great art lexicon by PW Hartmann