Manuel Godinho de Erédia

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Manuel Godinho de Erédia , also Emanuel Godinho de Erédia (born July 16, 1563 in Malacca , † 1623 ) was a Malay - Portuguese author and cartographer. He wrote a number of books, including early descriptions of the Malay Peninsula , which now serve as a source about the region at the time. In the early 17th century, Erédia began to be interested in exploring the southern lands, believed to be Australia .

family

Erédia was the youngest of four children of João de Erédia Aquaviva, a man from Aragon with Italian roots and his wife Elena Vessiva, who comes from the Southeast Asian island of Sulawesi . She was a Makassarin or Bugis and is described as the princess and daughter of the King of Supa. Erédia Aquaviva was part of a Portuguese missionary expedition to Sulawesi, where the 15-year-old girl fell in love with the captain and ran away with him. The two married in 1545. Elena Vessiva died in 1575 when Manuel was 12 years old.

Manuel Godinho de Erédia married Vilante de Sampaio around 1586 in Cochin . They had two children together: a daughter who was born in 1587 and a son who was born in 1588.

Life

“Building the City of Malacca: Intramuros Anno 1604” by Godinho de Eredia.

Erédia grew up in Malacca, where he also attended a Jesuit school. When his mother died he was sent to a Jesuit high school in Goa , where Erédia received training in astronomy, cartography and mathematics. In 1579 he was accepted into the Society of Jesus, but left it in 1580 to work on behalf of the Crown in Goa. His superiors felt that this would better fit Erédia's interest in research trips.

Erédia works as a cosmographer , wrote books and taught mathematics. He also served as a soldier and military engineer. For the Spanish king (Portugal had been in a personal union with Spain since 1580) he created new maps of the countries of Asia. Erédia was allegedly declared the discoverer of the "India meridional " on February 14, 1594 , a country believed to be in the south. For this Erédia received the title "Adelantado" (Governor General) and was appointed a member of the Order of Christ . However, there is a lack of evidence for these traditions.

In 1600 Erédia returned to Southeast Asia to look for the legendary gold country in the Malay Archipelago. However, he had to stay in Malacca for four years, where he protected the southern part of the region as the commander of a fleet of 70 ships. In 1604, Erédia founded a fort in Muar and, together with General André Furtado de Mendonça , conquered Kota Batu, today's Johor Lama .

Map of Erédia with the island of Java and possibly Australia (here called Nuca Antara)

Erédia received reports in 1601 from a previously undiscovered land in the south called Nuca Antara. Erédia wanted to look for this country, which may have meant today's Australia, but in 1605 he fell ill and had to return to Goa. Together with a Javanese sailor, Erédia sent his servant to search for Nuca Antara in 1610. In the meantime, the Dutch had reached the north coast of Australia in 1606.

Publications (selection)

  • Report on the Golden Chersonese, or Peninsula, and Auriferous, Carbuncular and Aromatic Islands (1597–1600)
  • Plantas de plaças das conquistas de Portugal (1610)
  • Discourse on the Province of Indostan, termed Mogûl (1611)
  • Summary of the Trees and Plants of India intra Ganges ( Suma de árvores e plantas da Índia Intra Ganges ) (1612)
  • Description of Malaca, Meridional India, and Cathay ( Declaraçam de Malaca e da India Meridional com Cathay ) (1613)
  • History of the Martyrdom of Luiz Monteiro Coutinho (1615)
  • Treatise on Ophir ( Tratado Ophirico ) (1616, the work also contains an autobiography)
  • Lyvro de Plataforma das Fortalezas da India (around 1620)

literature

  • Peter Borschberg: Singapura in Early Modern Cartography: A Sea of ​​Challenges. Visualizing space. Maps of Singapore and the Region. Collections from the National Library and National Archives of Singapore (Singapore: NLB, 2015): pp. 6–33.
  • Carl-Alexander Gibson-Hill: Singapore: Note on the History of the Old Straits, 1580-1850. In: Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 27.1, 1954, pp. 165-214.

Web links

Commons : Manuel Godinho de Erédia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jorge Flores: Between Madrid and Ophir. Erédia, a Deceitful Discoverer? In: Miriam Eliav-Feldon, Tamar Herzig (Ed.): Dissimulation and Deceit in Early Modern Europe . Palgrave Macmillan, London 2015, ISBN 978-1-137-44749-4 , pp. 184–210 , here p. 186 , doi : 10.1057 / 9781137447494_12 ( books.google.com - reading sample).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Godinho de Erédia: Eredia's Description of Malaca, Meridional India, and Cathay . In: Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society . tape 8 , part 1. Royal Asiatic Society, April 1930, pp. 1–288 , JSTOR : 41560454 (English, myrepositori.pnm.gov.my [PDF] Portuguese: Declaracam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay em . Translated by JV Mills).
  3. ^ OHK Spate: Erédia, Manuel Godinho de (1563-1623) . In: Australian Dictionary of Biography . tape 1 : 1788-1850, AH . National Center of Biography, Australian National University, Canberra 1966 ( adb.anu.edu.au ).
  4. ^ A b Sanjay Subrahmanyam: An Author . In: Courtly Encounters. Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2012, ISBN 978-0-674-06736-3 , pp. 112-113 ( books.google.com excerpt).
  5. ^ Jorge Flores: Between Madrid and Ophir. Erédia, a Deceitful Discoverer? In: Miriam Eliav-Feldon, Tamar Herzig (Ed.): Dissimulation and Deceit in Early Modern Europe . Palgrave Macmillan, London 2015, ISBN 978-1-137-44749-4 , pp. 184–210 , here pp. 189–193 , doi : 10.1057 / 9781137447494_12 ( books.google.com - reading sample).
  6. ↑ a b John N. Miksic: Review: Eredia's Description of Malacca, Meridional India, and Cathay. In: Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (= JV Mills, Cheah Boon Kheng [Ed.]: MBRAS Report . No. 14 ). tape 71 , no. 2 (275) , 1998, pp. 137-141 , JSTOR : 41493368 .
  7. ↑ Liam Matthew Brockey: Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World . Routledge, 2016, ISBN 978-1-351-90982-2 ( books.google.com ).
personal data
SURNAME Erédia, Manuel Godinho de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Erédia, Emanuel Godinho de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Malay-Portuguese author and cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1563
PLACE OF BIRTH Malacca
DATE OF DEATH 1623