Maraging steel

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Maraging steels (from English martensite + aging = martensite hardenable ) are a group of high-strength steels that are known for their toughness at the same time. The almost carbon-free alloys are alloyed with a high proportion of nickel (> 12%) and are subjected to a special heat treatment, which technically corresponds to tempering . However, maraging steels contain other alloying elements such as cobalt , molybdenum , aluminum , copper , niobium and titanium , which u. a. cause hard intermetallic particles to precipitate in fine distribution in the ductile iron matrix .

In addition to their increased strength, maraging steels have good toughness with favorable processing and welding properties. They are used as tool steels for applications at elevated temperatures, e.g. It is used, for example, for die-casting or injection-molding tools that are difficult to shape , as well as for the manufacture of knives and blades for sport fencing .

Examples are the hot-work steels 1.2709 (short name: X 3 NiCoMoTi 18-9-5) and 1.6356 (X 2 NiCoMoTi 18-12-4).

Since maraging steel is also used in gas centrifuges for uranium enrichment , its production, import and export are strictly monitored by several countries such as Germany.

literature

  • P. Würzinger, R. Rabitsch, W. Meyer: Production of maraging steel grades and the influence of specified and nonspecified elements for special applications . In: Journal of Materials Science . tape 39 , no. 24 , 2004, pp. 7295-7302 , doi : 10.1023 / B: JMSC.0000048744.03279.ec .
  • Dierk Raabe, Dirk Ponge, Olga Dmitrieva, Benedikt Sander: Designing Ultrahigh Strength Steels with Good Ductility by Combining Transformation Induced Plasticity and Martensite Aging . In: Advanced Engineering Materials . tape 11 , no. 7 , 2009, p. 547–555 , doi : 10.1002 / adem.200900061 ( full text at MPI ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Data sheet for 1.2709 from Dörrenberg Edelstahl ( Memento from December 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 428/2009 of the Council of May 5, 2009 on Community rules for the control of the export, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use goods, p. 36.