Marcel Tyberg

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Marcel Tyberg (born January 27, 1893 in Vienna , † December 31, 1944 in Auschwitz-Birkenau ) was an Austrian composer .

life and work

Tyberg's father, Marcell Tyberg , was a well-known Viennese violinist, while his mother, Wanda Paltinger Tybergova, was a pianist and fellow student of Artur Schnabel with Theodor Leschetizky . The Tyberg family was on friendly terms with Jan Kubelík ; Marcel Tyberg later dedicated his own song compositions to his daughters and cultivated a friendship with Rafael Kubelík, who was about 20 years his junior .

Little is known about Tyberg's musical training; he was probably a student at the Vienna Music Academy . The first piano sonata was written in 1920 and Tyberg's first symphony in 1924 . Later the family moved to Opatija on the Adriatic Sea, with whose symphony orchestra father and son Tyberg often performed together, Marcel sometimes also as its conductor.

Marcel Tyberg, who lived in poor conditions with his mother after his father's death in 1927, played the organ in churches in the area, gave lessons in harmony and composed dance music under the pseudonym Till Bergmar, but works such as the 2nd Symphony (1931 , premiered in the same year by Rafael Kubelík with the Czech Philharmonic ), the 2nd piano sonata (1935) and the 3rd symphony (1943), as well as masses and chamber music. Tyberg also completed a set of Schubert's “ Unfinished ”, probably for the 1928 International Schubert Competition . Sporadically he continued to appear as a pianist and conductor.

In 1944 Tyberg - at that time his residence was in the so-called Adriatic Coastal Operation Zone of German military administration - was arrested because of his Jewish origin; only one great-great-grandfather had been a Jew. Tyberg was deported via the San Sabba concentration camp to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where he was murdered at the end of 1944.

Manuscripts of Tyberg's compositions came to the USA through friends of the Mihich family . In 2008 the Third Symphony , completed a few months before Tyberg's arrest, was premiered. In its late romantic tonal language it is partly reminiscent of Hans Rott and Gustav Mahler . In particular, the 2nd movement, the Scherzo, contains almost literal quotations and rhythmic structures, some of which have been taken over in a distorted manner. At the current state of research, it has not yet been determined whether Tyberg took it over directly from Mahler's 2nd Symphony or whether he had access to Mahler's locked score of the 1st Symphony by Hans Rott, who was a friend of Mahler's who died early . Rott is the originator of this theme and the elaboration, which was adopted by Gustav Mahler in his 2nd symphony. Stylistic similarities to Anton Bruckner , as is often claimed, cannot be justified by the compositional technique, the instrumentation and the musical depth. The style is much closer to Hans Rott, who was a student of Bruckner. The 3rd symphony was premiered by the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra under JoAnn Falletta , recorded on CD on the Naxos label and released in 2010 with Tyberg's Piano Trio .

Further recordings: Mass No. 1 and Mass No. 2 with Christopher Jacobson, South Dakota Chorale, Brian A. Schmidt (Pentatone, 2016); 2nd Symphony and Sonata for Piano No. 2 with Fabio Bidini, Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, JoAnn Falletta (Naxos, 2013); String sextet with double bass with Ensemble Alraune (NovAntiqua, 2019).

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Author: Zachary Redler . Biography of Marcel Tyberg at "The Orel Foundation" (English). Retrieved July 4, 2012
personal data
SURNAME Tyberg, Marcel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bergmar, Till (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian composer
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1944
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau