Marchantiidae
| Marchantiidae | ||||||||||||
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Fountain liver moss ( Marchantia polymorpha ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Marchantiidae | ||||||||||||
| Engl. |
The Marchantiidae are a subclass of the liverworts and include liverworts with complex thalli . With a range of around 350 species, they are the largest subclass of the Marchantiopsida .
features
The gametophytes are monosymmetrical thalli . The structure of the thallus shows from top to bottom: an epidermis with respiratory openings, air cavities, assimilation and storage tissue, ventral abdominal scales and rhizoids . This separation into ground tissue and assimilation tissue occurs in all species except for reduced forms. There is only one oil body per cell . The rhizoids sit on the underside of the thallus and have protrusions on the inner wall and are therefore called uvula rhizoids. The gametangia sit on the thallus or are located on specialized gametangiophores . The sporogons have a rounded capsule and are sunk into the gametophyte with a short foot. The spores have a diverse surface (papillae, warts, thorny appendages, etc.) and are quite large at 40 to 60 micrometers. In addition, the sporogons are often formed in the thallus or directly on the earth. These features speak against spreading wind and in favor of spreading through animals or water ( zoochory or hydrochory ).
ecology
The complex thalli with their cuticula are interpreted as xeromorphic adaptation to arid locations. Many genera are semi-desert and steppe inhabitants, such as Targionia , Mannia and Plagiochasma . One speaks of the xeromarchantioid life syndrome.
Secondly, this group also conquered wetlands. In this respect, the well-known fountain liver moss ( Marchantia polymorpha ) is not a typical representative of the Marchantiidae. But there are even amphibious ( Riccia ) or floating forms ( Riccia fluitans , Ricciocarpos natans ).
Formation of the brood bodies
Antheridia stand
female gametophyte and sporophyte
Thallus in plan and cross-section
Systematics
The Marchantiidae comprise around 350 species and are divided into five orders:
- Subclass Marchantiidae
- Order monocleales
- Family Monocleaceae
- Order Neohodgsoniales
- Neohodgsoniaceae family
- Order lunulariales
- Lunulariaceae family
- Order Marchantiales
- Suborder Marchantiineae
- Aytoniaceae family
- Cleveaceae family
- Family Conocephalaceae
- Dumortieraceae family
- Family Exormothecaceae
- Marchantiaceae family
- Family Monosoleniaceae
- Wiesnerellaceae family
- Suborder Corsiniineae
- Corsiniaceae family
- Cyathodiaceae family
- Suborder Monocarpineae
- Family Monocarpaceae
- Suborder Targioniineae
- Targioniaceae family
- Suborder Marchantiineae
- Order ricciales
- Family Oxymitraceae
- Ricciaceae family
- Order monocleales
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm: Biology of Mosses . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg and Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0164-X
- Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora . 4th, revised and expanded edition (UTB for Science, Volume 1250). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 (Ulmer) & ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 (UTB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Frey, Eberhard Fischer, Michael Stech: Bryophytes and seedless Vascular Plants . In: Wolfgang Frey (Ed.): Syllabus of Plant Families - A. Engler's Syllabus of Plant Families . 13th edition. tape 3 . Borntraeger, Berlin / Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-443-01063-8 , pp. 28-35 .