Margarete Schmaus

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Margarete Schmaus (born May 23, 1903 in Vienna ; † March 24, 1988 there ) was an Austrian kindergarten teacher whose publications also influenced German kindergarten education at the time .

Live and act

Margarete Schmaus grew up in a modest family background. Nevertheless, her parents made it possible for her to train as a kindergarten teacher. In 1924 she entered the service of the City of Vienna and worked in various kindergartens in the city. In addition, she completed the Montessori diploma and set up Montessori groups in several Vienna kindergartens. The pedagogue criticized the fact that Maria Montessori's writings were inaccurately translated into German and that many of the Italian's thoughts were misinterpreted, “especially those about the naturalness of education, about freedom, work, games and imagination; the importance of the sensory development material was partly over-, partly underestimated ”.

In 1934 Schmaus was appointed kindergarten director. When the Nazis occupied Austria in 1938, she was stripped of all offices, especially since, as a staunch Christian, she was committed to Jewish citizens. After 1945 she worked again as a kindergarten teacher. At the end of the 1950s Schmaus wrote the book "The Educational Work of the Kindergarten Teacher", which was published several times and became the standard book for kindergarten education. For the author, education is “one of the basic functions of upbringing, just as care and leadership are”. The educational work in kindergarten takes place in two ways: on the one hand, through how the child handles the material, and on the other hand, through the kindergarten teacher directly. The latter educational work

“Includes the design of exits, the bringing of things with educational value, which is important for small children, or the meaningful conversation with children and the explanatory words of the kindergarten teacher; also her storytelling, singing and saying, her teaching of circle games, song dance, guessing, search and similar games, the celebrations and that work of five to seven year olds that binds the kindergarten teacher to a certain goal. "

The monograph received extremely positive reviews at the time:

“A kindergarten teacher who has been practically in kindergarten work for more than thirty years with an alert mind and a warm and young heart gives us the harvest of her own life's work ... The rich book gives an overview of the educational work of the kindergarten teacher in kindergarten and suggests everything essential about children's customs as a folk good. Margarete Schmaus sends the kindergarten teacher well-chosen stories, songs and games that parents will also be interested in. The attached annual plan is valuable, as it encourages the kindergarten teacher to purposefully evaluate the seasons and the entire life for the development of the child's personality. The kindergarten teachers will be happy to include the book in their specialist library. "

Together with Margarete Schörl , she developed the so-called spatial division method , which strongly influenced kindergarten pedagogy. The spatial division method is a socio-educational method of (indirect) game management. This supports the child's tendency to prefer to carry out certain activities in certain places in the room. In particular, it promotes social learning among children within play groups that form spontaneously. This method gives every child in the kindergarten the opportunity to play alone, in pairs or with several children, to form small independent play groups and to design the room individually.

Textbook on Schörl pedagogy, which was co-developed by Margarete Schmaus (photo on the right, top row).

Schmaus retired in 1959 for health reasons. With Margarete Schörl, she published three other specialist books as well as a few articles in specialist journals on kindergarten education. After a long and serious illness, she died on March 24, 1988 in her hometown.

Fonts

  • Child productivity and "holistic experience", in: Die Quelle 1932, pp. 842–844
  • Child and Environment, in: Das Kleinkind, pp. 359-360
  • Bravheit and neurotic inhibition, in: Zeitschrift für Psychoanalytische Pädagogik 1932, pp. 129-139
  • Sieveringer Liederbüchlein, in: Agnes Niegl (ed.): Gegenwartsfragen der Kindergartenerbildung, Vienna 1950, pp. 143–150
  • Maria Montessori, in: Education and Teaching 1952, pp. 527-530
  • The educational work of the kindergarten teacher, Munich 1958
  • To support five to seven year olds in kindergarten, in: Our children 1958 / H. 1, pp. 6-8

Together with Margarete Schörl

  • The socio-educational work of the kindergarten teacher, Munich 1964
  • Renewal of religious education in kindergarten, Munich 1968
  • Socio-educational work in kindergarten, Munich 1978

literature

  • Manfred Berger : Margarete (Grete) Schmaus, in: Our children 1997 / H. 5, pp. 127-128
  • Ders .: Schörl pedagogy. Introduction to a classic kindergarten concept, Göttingen 2019
  • Alexa Schütze: Schörl / Schmauspädagogik. A classic kindergarten concept in the context of current early childhood education concepts, Ulm 2019

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. https://www.socialnet.de/lexikon/Schmaus-Margarete
  2. ↑ Schmaus 1952, p. 528
  3. ↑ Schmaus 1958, p. 10
  4. ↑ Schamus 1958, p. 10
  5. ↑ cit. n. Berger 1997, p. 28
  6. ↑ https://www.mediathek.at/atom/018AA05A-145-01863-00000484-0189A3E5
  7. ↑ cf. Schörl pedagogy
personal data
SURNAME Feast, Margarete
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian kindergarten teacher
DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1988
Place of death Vienna