Margarete Schörl

Mater M. Schörl (~ 1980)

Mater Margarete Schörl (~ 1962)

Margarete Schörl (born September 27, 1912 in Vienna , † December 4, 1991 in St. Pölten ) was an Austrian kindergarten teacher. She influenced the German-language kindergarten pedagogy and pre-school education after 1945. The pedagogue is considered a pioneer of open kindergarten pedagogy . The term Schörl pedagogy was coined within the pre-school education due to their work , whereby Christian day-care centers in particular are based on this concept.

Life

Schörl's mother Leopoldine, b. Hörmann was the daughter of a department head in the kuk Versatzamt. In 1909 she married Johann Schörl, treasurer in the kuk Versatzamt, today's Vienna Dorotheum . The father died in 1916 and left his 5-year-old son Hans and his 4-year-old daughter Margarete behind as half-orphans. Two years later, the mother married the electrical engineer Georg Schodterer. The family moved to Wels, where their son Heribert was born in 1919, and later to Bad Ischl. Margarete Schörl's stepfather fell ill with tuberculosis and died in 1922, the mother one year later as a result of contracting the same disease.

Margarete Schörl was taken in by a sister of her mother and her husband in Rohrendorf near Krems, where her half-brother Heribert had already lived before their parents died. Her brother Hans began an apprenticeship as a goldsmith and silversmith with his stepfather's cousin, Robert Schodterer, in Bad Ischl in 1923, which separated the close siblings.

After elementary school and training at the college for economic women's professions, Margarete Schörl entered the order of the "English Misses" in Krems an der Donau in 1933 . In 1940 she made perpetual vows. In 1937 the young religious completed the kindergarten teacher examination as an “external” at the seminar of the “Congregation of Poor School Sisters of the Third Order” in Amstetten . After the annexation of Austria (to the National Socialist German Reich) the "English Misses" had to close their institute. Schörl then worked as a private tutor in Krems, Schiltern and Bad Reichenhall . In 1951 the nun had completed the last three-month international Montessori course initiated by Maria Montessori in Innsbruck and led by her assistant Giuliana Sorge (1903–1987). She got to know Maria Montessori personally and attended her funeral in 1952.

Pedagogical work after 1945

After 1945 she returned to her order in Krems and established a kindergarten. There she developed her "socio-educational method of game management", the spatial division method ., In close cooperation with the kindergarten teacher Margarete Schmaus. This method supports the needs and wishes of the children to play alone, in twos next to one another or together and in small groups perform other activities.

Schörl's principle of mobile and immobile parts of the room as a socio-educational method of game management was later assessed as “a completely new approach to child-oriented pedagogy that has since developed in a variety of ways. The awareness of the 'room as 3rd pedagogue', a much-quoted but also widely interpreted metaphor, is the basis of almost all educational concepts to this day ”.

In addition to the spatial division process, which “is still available in all kindergartens today” (Gary 2006), she also emphasized the great importance of play for children's development. Since the child only has limited access to language, they express themselves through play.

Sisters' house in St. Pölten, where Mater Schörl last lived

The pedagogue resolutely opposed the “programmed game materials”, which were widely used at the time and were very popular, with the following reason:

“If you give too much 'didactic material' to children, they will be trained on one side. In this way they are prepared for work on a machine, on an assembly line, but not repaired so that their minds are freely available. If you give them other things, material that can be designed, they learn to freely dispose of the things and their own intellectual possibilities, not to think in terms of programmed channels. "

Early childhood religious education was important for Schörl, especially as the number of children who hear about God for the first time in kindergarten and learn their first prayer there was growing. To counteract this, she and Margarete Schmaus wrote the Renewal of Faith Education in Kindergarten

Margarete Schörl also worked as a speaker on kindergarten pedagogy. In addition to many places in Austria, her lecturing activities also took her to Germany, in particular to the dioceses of Hildesheim, Freiburg im Breisgau, Regensburg and Munich. She emphasized again and again that all education and all education is ultimately about human freedom, that it is important to appreciate and respect the children entrusted to us and that all education is at the same time "a risk into the unknown". She was also President of the BICE International Pre-School Education Commission for eight years .

Gravesite of Mater Schörl

In 1989 the first specialist book was published, which dealt extensively with Schörl pedagogy , written by Elfriede Hilbers and Sr. M. Virginis Jostock (Educating everyday life in kindergarten. Experience from practice for practice ).

Poster for the exhibition about Margarete Schörl and her pedagogy in the Pfarrsassl St. Veit in Krems (from 25 September to 20 October 2013)

Memorial for Mater M. Schörl in St. Pölten. Artist Tanja Jetzinger-Kössler

Aftermath

The social workers Huberta von Gumppenberg and Anna Hagenbusch , the social pedagogue Brigitta Riedel, the kindergarten teachers Elfriede Hilbers and Sr. M. Virginis Jostock (who had already published the first specialist book on Schörl pedagogy in 1989 ) and the educational scientist Manfred Berger were / are decisive in spreading the Schörl / Schmaus pedagogy involved in German-speaking countries. Already two years after Schörl's death, Berger organized an extensive exhibition for the Ida-Seele archive : On the topicality of pedagogy according to Mater Margarete Schörl (1912–1991) .

Specialist books such as Freiraum Kindergarten (approx. 1998), Thinking for yourself makes you smart! (2003) and Schörl pedagogy. Introduction to a classic kindergarten concept (2019) argued that the “Schörl pedagogy” could not be limited to the spatial division process alone, but represented a holistic view of the child.

On the occasion of her 100th birthday, an exhibition, a festive event, a commemorative mass and workshop days were held in St. Pölten.

Margarete Schörl and her pedagogy was the subject of exhibitions and specialist conferences in Austria and Germany. The Catholic Adult Education Hannover of the Diocese of Hildesheim offers Schörl pedagogy certification courses.

On her 105th birthday, the nun was honored with a memorial. In German-speaking countries this was only granted to two kindergarten teachers, Angelika Hartmann and Ida Seele .

Works

Sound carrier

• Record: Language Development of a Child (approx. 1940).

Film productions

• Our youth understand the toddler (around 1940).
• In kindergarten (1948).
• Kindergarten study I: The spatial division method (approx. 1950).
• Kindergarten study II: How does the three, four and five year old child play? (around 1950).

Books, articles (selection)

• From my kindergarten . In: A. Niegel (Ed.): Contemporary questions of kindergarten education . Vienna 1950, pp. 81–92.
• Celebrate parties . In: A. Niegel (Ed.): Contemporary questions of kindergarten education . Vienna 1950, pp. 241–248.
• Freedom as much as possible, leadership as much as necessary . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1952, pp. 21–34
• The spatial division process and its significance for children's play in kindergarten . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1952, pp. 67–72
• Free play and leadership work . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1953, pp. 12-16
• What kind of thinking does the kindergarten child have? . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1953, pp. 35–38
• The room in the kindergarten. Living space and freedom . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1953, pp. 49–53
• The next leading kindergarten teacher . In: Kindergartenmagazin , 1953, pp. 65–71
• On the question: “Do children suffer in kindergarten?” In: Our children , 1954, pp. 141–143
• When the kindergarten teacher from summer vacation ... In: Our children , 1955, p. 104
• The teachings of Froebel and Montessori in the educational situation of our time . In: Kinderheim , 1956, pp. 214-223.
• The space division method . In: Kinderheim , 1959, pp. 215-218.
• Faith Education - Getting Close to God . In: Welt des Kind , 1967, pp. 190–191.
• About room parts and the room division method . In: I. Zieglauer-Moosbrugger: German and Ladin kindergartens in South Tyrol . Bozen 1982, pp. 57-60.

Together with Margarete Schmaus

• The educational work of the kindergarten teacher . Munich 1958.
• The socio-educational work of the kindergarten teacher . Munich 1964.
• Socio-educational work in kindergarten . Munich 1978.
• Renewal of religious education in kindergarten . Munich 1968.

literature

• World of the Child , 1968, no. 5, pp. 190–191.
• Elfriede Hilbers, Sr. M. Virginis Jostock: Making everyday life in kindergarten pedagogically. Experience from practice for practice . Lingen 1989.
• Gerhard Regel, Axel Jan Wieland (Ed.): Open kindergarten concrete. Changed pedagogy in kindergarten and after-school care center . Hamburg 1993, p. 60 and 143-159.
• Manfred Berger : Mater Margarete Schörl . In: Our children , 1997, p. 100 f.
• Manfred Berger: Mater Margarete Schörl: Freedom lies in what children do . In: Spielmittel , 2001, Issue 1, pp. 30–32.
• Brigitta Riedel: Thinking for yourself makes you smart! Pedagogical work in kindergarten. A technical workbook on schörl pedagogy . Bad Salzdetfurth 2003.
• Manfred Berger:  Schörl, Mater Margarethe (Margarete). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3 , Sp. 1306-1311.
• Manfred Berger: Mater Margarete Schörl . In: Christ und Bildung , 2004, no. 3, p. 27.
• Karl-Heinz Braun u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of methods of child and youth work . Vienna 2005, pp. 92–93.
• Gisela Gary: We are not aunts! The kindergarten teacher: On the history of a women's profession in Austria . Strasshof 2006.
• Manfred Berger:  Schörl, Margaret (h) e Maria Leopoldine (Mater Margarete). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 435 ( digitized version ).
• Manfred Berger: Margarete Schörl . In: kindergarten heute , 2012, no. 9, pp. 34–39.
• Manfred Berger: "The work of the kindergarten teacher is a risk into the unknown". On the 100th birthday of Margarete Schörl . In: Theory and Practice of Social Pedagogy , 2012, no. 7, pp. 52–53.
• Manfred Berger: “The child needs a good place”: Mater Margarete Schörl's life and work for the kindergarten . In: Our Children , 2012, no. 6, pp. 22–25.
• Manfred Berger: The child is the focus. Mater Margarete Schörl's life and work for the kindergarten . In: Pastoral Services, Family Section, St. Pölten (Ed.): Festschrift for the 100th birthday of M. Margarete Schörl . St. Pölten 2012, pp. 8–26.
• Manfred Berger: The child is the focus - Mater M. Margarete Schörl - life, work and focus of your kindergarten pedagogy . In: curative education . Specialized journal of the Heilpädagogische Gesellschaft Österreich 2016, no. 1, pp. 22–29
• Anna Ruschka: Mater Margarete Schörl at the BAKIP St. Pölten - a search for clues . In: Pastoral Services, Family Area, St. Pölten (Ed .): Festschrift for the 100th birthday of M. Margarete Schörl , St. Pölten 2012, pp. 30–32.
• Caritas Association Hannover e. V. (Ed.): Freiraum Kindergarten . Hanover no year
• Manfred Berger: Mater Margarete Schörl - your life and work . In: heilpaedagogik.de , 2013, no. 2, pp. 20–24.
• Manfred Berger: History of the Kindergarten. From the first pre-school facilities in the 18th century to daycare centers in the 21st century . Frankfurt / Main 2016, pp. 147–151
• Doris Kloimstein: Elementary Education and the Parable of the Good Shepherd. On the topicality of pedagogy according to Margarete Schörl (1912–1991) , in: Veit Neumann / Josef Spindelböck / Sigmund Bonk (eds.): Faith and Church in Times of Change. Festschrift for Josef Kreiml , Regensburg 2018, pp. 875–883
• Manfred Berger: Schörl pedagogy. Introduction to a classic kindergarten concept , Göttingen 2019
• Heidemarie Lex-Nalis / Katharina Rösler: History of Elementary Education in Austria , Weinheim / Basel 2019, pp. 123–125
• Alexa Schütze: Schörl / Schmauspädagogik. A classic kindergarten concept in the context of current early childhood education concepts, Ulm 2019
• Christine Schneider-Bayer: Schörl / Schmaus pedagogy in practice - demonstrated using the example of six selected Bavarian daycare centers, Munich 2019

Web links

Commons : Margarete Schörl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature from and about in the catalog of the German National Library
• In archiv-heilpaedagogik.de (PDF)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ cf. https://www.socialnet.de/lexikon/Schoerl-Margarete
2. ↑ Regel / Wieland (Ed.) 1993, p. 143 ff.
3. ↑ erlebniskindergarten.at
4. ↑ kitaundco.de
5. ↑ caritas-hannover.de ( Memento of the original from July 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) 
6. ↑ kitamariaregina.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ kitacc.de
8. ^ The pedagogy according to Mater Margarete Schörl
9. ↑ https://www.mediathek.at/atom/018AA05A-145-01863-00000484-0189A3E5
10. ↑ https://www.socialnet.de/lexikon/Schmaus-Margarete
11. ↑ “By this I mean a process that enables the children to divide the space according to their needs for action. This results in the division of the children's group into small interest groups and into children who play individually. The spatial division process results in important pedagogical situations. Just getting the children together in a group requires an opinion and a free decision. There are voting files that are not possible where the kindergarten teacher determines the process. In addition, moral attitudes are laid down that can determine the whole of later life. The important thing is not that the child 'works' by playing, but how it works and how it adapts to work as a self-chosen task. Through practice, the child becomes familiar not only with the material, but also with the activity itself and also with the requirements and lines such as perseverance and success. The child learns from their own experience how far they can realize what they have chosen. ”Schörl 1956, p. 22 f.
12. ↑ Ruschka 2012, p. 30.
13. ^ Gary 2006, p. 221
14. ↑ “Play is statement, expression, language without words. Game is coping with the world. Play is self-discovery, self-development. Play is the child's cooperation in becoming human and with others. Play is an outwardly purposeless - but inward activity, through which the child deals adequately with his impressions and experiences, processes them and thus copes with them. "; quoted n. Riedel 2003, p. 86
15. ↑ cit. n. Riedel 2003, p. 90.
16. ↑ "This book is written in an effort to reconsider the task of kindergarten education, as it turns out to be a necessity in our post-conciliar time for believing professional educators and parents ... In particular, our work applies to those children for their guidance to God from the right thing, or not enough, or nothing at all is done on the part of their family. ”Schmaus / Schörl 1968, p. 9.
17. ↑ Schmaus / Schörl 1964, p. 10
18. ↑ https://www.tanjajetzingerkoessler.at/
19. ↑ The festival magazine can be obtained (for a postage) from: Pastorale Dienst, Familie Familie, 3100 S. Pölten, Klostergasse 15.
20. ↑ keb-net.de
21. ↑ http://www.noen.at/niederoesterreich/gesellschaft/mater-margarete-schoerl-denkmal-fuer-kleinkindpaedagogik-pionierin-enthuellt/62.270.185
22. ↑ https://presse.dsp.at/einrichtungen/kommunikation/artikel/2017/denkmal-fuer-kleinkindpaedagogik-pionierin-m-margarete
23. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/st-poelten/lokales/kleinkind-paedagogik-pionierin-wird-ein-denkmal-etzt-d2250282.html
24. ↑ http://www.p3tv.at/webtv/8206-gedenkbueste-fuer-margarete-schoerl-enthuellt
25. ↑ https://www.congregatiojesu.de/denkmal-fuer-kleinkindpaedagogik-pionierin-m-margarete-schoerl-enthuellt
26. ↑ http://www.nnz-online.de/news/news_lang.php?ArtNr=45085
27. ↑ https://www.mediathek.at/atom/018AA05A-145-01863-00000484-0189A3E5