Dormition Monastery (Pochayiv)

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Holy Dormition Monastery

The Monastery of the Holy Dormition of the Theotokos ( Ukrainian Свято-Успенська Почаївська Лавра / Swjato-Uspenska Pochajiwska Lavra ) is the second largest monastery in Ukraine and is located in Pochayiv in Volyn . It belongs to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) . St. Job of Pochayiv is buried in it and is venerated there.

history

Emergence

According to tradition, the monastery was founded in 1240 when monks of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra fled to the west from the approaching Tatars . The Dormition of the Virgin was mentioned for the first time in 1527 , although it is unclear whether it was a place, a church or a monastery.

17th century

In 1597 the icon of the Theotokos was given to the monastery . In 1604 Job Sheleso came to the monastery and became Igumen . Under his leadership, the monastic discipline became stricter, new churches and buildings and a printing plant were built. The monastery became a center of Orthodoxy in the struggle with the new Greek Catholic Church in the eparchy.

In 1675 the monastery survived a siege by Ottoman troops.

18th and 19th centuries

In 1714 the monastery went over to the United Greek Catholic Church and was taken over by the Order of the Basilians .

After the November uprising in 1831, the monastery was given to the Orthodox Church and in 1833 was given the honorary title of Lavra .

20th and 21st centuries

Spiritual seminary

After the Peace of Riga , the monastery returned to Poland in 1921 and became part of the Polish Orthodox Church in 1923 . With the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland in 1939, western Volhynia became part of the Ukrainian SSR . After the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, the Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church was rebuilt under German supervision. In the further course of the Second World War , the monastery retained a certain degree of independence, served as a place of refuge from Nazi persecution and was liberated by the Red Army in August 1944 .

During the thaw under Khrushchev , the monastery came under increased Soviet control in the late 1950s. A museum of atheism was opened, which was closed again in the late 1980s and converted into a spiritual seminary, which now serves as the training facility for priests of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.

The complicated history and ownership (in Ukraine include the church building to the State) was of the Russian Orthodox Church and its view shown on Russian television completely disregarded when they the monastery into a focal point of conflict, the independence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to tried to explain.

architecture

There are outstanding architectural buildings and monuments on the monastery territory: monk cells (1771–80), the baroque Assumption Cathedral (1771–1782, architect Gottfried Hofmann , patron Nikolaus Basilius Potocki ), the archbishop's building (1825), the bell tower ( 1861–69, height 65 m), the gate building (1835). The Trinity Cathedral (1906–1912, by architect Alexei Shtusev ) is a New Russian style church (1906).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Robert Magocsi: A History of Ukraine . University of Toronto Press, 1996. pp. 628-629.
  2. Geraldine Fagan, Aleksandr Shchipkov: The Ukrainian Greek Catholics in an Ambiguous Position . Religion, State & Society, Vol. 29, No. 3. 2001.
  3. Memorial for Offended Believers , Novaya Gazeta, November 26, 2018

Web links

Commons : Holy Ascension Monastery  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 17.5 ″  N , 25 ° 30 ′ 19.5 ″  E