Maria Firmina dos Reis
Maria Firmina dos Reis (born October 11, 1825 in São Luís , † 1917 in Guimarães , Maranhão ) was a Brazilian writer . Along with Teresa Margarida da Silva e Orta, she was one of the first Brazilian women writers and is considered to be the first representative of the South American Négritude .
Life
Maria Firmina dos Reis was born out of wedlock to João Pedro Esteves and Leonor Felipe dos Reis; because of this, and as a mulatto , access to public education was difficult. She learned a lot with a maternal aunt and the writer and grammarian Sotero dos Reis (a cousin of her mother). At the age of twenty-two she won a public tender for a position as a primary school teacher in the city of Guimarães (Maranhão).
With their debut album Úrsula , published in 1859 under the pseudonym Uma Maranhense ( "A maranhensische woman"), it represents an abolitionist position about the fate of the slave Ursula. In 1887, the story A Escrava (“The Slave Girl”) with the figure of Isaura followed. In 1871 she published a volume of poetry Cantos à beira-mar . She wrote for literary magazines including Verdadeira Marmota , Semanário Maranhense , O Domingo , O País , Pacotilha, and Federalista . In 1880 she was the first woman to open a mixed girls and boys school in Maranhão State , which caused a scandal at the time.
Her pseudonym was not discovered until 1975 on the occasion of the facsimile edition "Úrsula", published by Horácio de Almeida . It owes its reception today to the interest in older South American women's literature .
effect
A cultural week in her hometown São Luís do Maranhão was named after her, and in 2010 the fourth Semana Cultural Maria Firmina dos Reis .
Works
-
Úrsula . 1859 (novel about the slave girl Úrsula).
- Úrsula . Gráfica Olímpica Editora, Rio de Janeiro 1975 (facsimile edition of the 1859 edition).
- Luiza Lobo (Ed.): Úrsula . 3. Edition. Presença, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 85-252-0035-2 (facsimile edition of the 1859 edition).
- Eduardo de Assis Duarte (Ed.): Úrsula: romance. A Escrava: conto . Editora Mulheres, Florianópolis / Belo Horizonte 2004, ISBN 978-85-86480-37-9 ( PUC Minas ; further edition 2009).
- 1871 Cantos à beira-mar (Poems by the Sea)
-
A escrava . In: Revista Maranhense . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1887 (story about the slave girl Isaura).
- New edition contained in: Úrsula. Florianópolis 2004.
literature
- José Nascimento Morais Filho: Maria Firmina dos Reis . São Luís do Maranhão 1975.
- Luiza Lobo: To auto-retrato de mulher: a pioneira maranhense Maria Firmina dos Reis . In: Letterature d'America . tape 7 , no. 29/31 , 1985, ISSN 1125-1743 , OCLC 7587473 , pp. 71-86 .
- Alfredo Souza Dorea: Maria Firmina dos Reis, negra memória do Maranhão . In: Cadernos do Ceas . Special issue: 300 anos de Zumbi . 1995, ISSN 0102-9711 , OCLC 1490971 ( webpage (under construction) [accessed March 8, 2013]).
- Sara V. Rosell: La opresión sexual y racial en Úrsula y A Escrava Isaura . In: La novela antiesclavista en Cuba y Brasil, siglo XIX . Editorial Pliegos, Madrid 1997, ISBN 84-88435-50-9 , chap. 4 , p. 141-178 .
- Joan Torres-Pou: El melodrama romántico: La crítica al sistema patriarcal en Ursula de Maria Firmina dos Reis . In: Aproximaciones a la narrativa femenina del diecinueve en Latinoamérica . Mellen Press, Lewiston, NY 2002, ISBN 0-7734-7307-6 , pp. 43-54 .
- Eduardo de Assis Duarte: Marina Firmina dos Reis e os Primórdios da Ficção Afro-brasileira . In: LITERAFRO - Portal da Literatura Afro-brasileira . Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ( letras.ufmg.br ( Memento from July 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 62 kB ; accessed on March 8, 2013]).
- Juliano Carrupt do Nascimento: O romance Úrsula de Maria Firmina dos Reis: Estética e ideologia no Romantismo brasileiro . Dissertation. Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 2009 (Portuguese, letras.ufrj.br [PDF; 393 kB ; accessed on March 8, 2013] Bibliography, pp. 99-102).
Web links
- Literature by and about Maria Firmina dos Reis in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- Literature by and about Maria Firmina dos Reis in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
- Eduardo de Assis Durarte: Epilogue to the 2004 edition: Úrsula, Maria Firmina dos Reis. ( Memento of September 19, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Editora Mulheres. (Portuguese)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maria Lúcia de Barros Mott: Submissão e resistência: a mulher na luta contra a escravidão . Contexto, São Paulo 1988, ISBN 85-85134-20-8 .
- ↑ Luíza Lobo: Auto-retrato de uma Pioneira abolicionista . In: Crítica sem juízo . 1993, ISBN 85-265-0306-5 .
- ^ Nascimento Morais Filho: Maria Firmina, fragmentos de uma vida . COCSN, São Luiz 1975, OCLC 762780691 .
- ↑ zahide Lupinacci Muzart: Maria Firmina dos Reis . In: Zahidé Lupinacci Muzart (ed.): Escritoras brasileiras do século XIX . 2nd Edition. Editora Mulheres / EDUNISC, Florianópolis / Santa Cruz do Sul 2000, ISBN 85-86501-09-3 , p. 264 .
- ↑ Eduardo de Assis Duarte: Epilogue to the 2004 edition ( Memento of September 19, 2004 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 1, 2011 (Portuguese).
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Reis, Maria Firmina dos |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Brazilian poet and journalist |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 11, 1825 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | São Luís |
DATE OF DEATH | 1917 |
Place of death | Guimarães |