St. Mary's Church (Świdwin)

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The Marienkirche (Polish: Kościół Mariacki ) was once the only church in the town of Świdwin (Schivelbein) on the Rega . It is in the center of town at Pl. Konstytucji 3 Maja (former market square ). It was built in the 14th century.

Construction and building history

St. Mary's Church in Świdwin ( Schivelbein )

As early as 1338, a Marienkirche is mentioned in Schivelbein. As a late Gothic brick building, it was built in the form of a three-aisled basilica , closed on three sides in the east . Star vaults spanned the nave.

Church in Schivelbein from the west
Church in Schivelbein nave

In 1475 Christoph von Polenz built a chapel on the north side in memory of his father. In 1505 the spire was rebuilt and covered with copper, which was brought from Szczecin with a weight of 41½ hundredweight . In 1644 the tower was struck by lightning, the spire burned and fell down.

The great city ​​fire of 1689 in Schivelbein destroyed the entire church furnishings, including the organ built in 1572 and the elaborate pulpit, altar and choirs , erected in 1614 in a Stargard workshop.

In order to restore the church, the electoral order of Friedrich III. von Brandenburg , who later became King Friedrich I of Prussia, collected collections in all the municipalities of the state, with the proceeds from which the church was rebuilt and expanded - albeit in a very modest way - between 1690 and 1692. The new altar and pulpit, this time made in Kolberg , were erected in 1695.

In 1771 the tower was struck by lightning again. Instead of the slender helmet, he was given a baroque helmet in 1773: a two-tiered wooden structure rose above an intermediate roof, which ended in a low, clapboard-covered tip.

In the following years, repeated restoration work was necessary, for example in the years 1827 to 1833 and 1880 and 1881, whereby the interior of the church was given a sober, neo-Gothic appearance.

When Schivelbein was occupied by the Red Army on March 3, 1945, the Marienkirche remained undamaged except for one artillery hit in the tower. However, when the inner city of Schivelbein was set on fire by Soviet commandos on the following day, the church burned down to the surrounding walls - for the second time in its history.

In the years 1947 to 1950, the St. Mary's Church has been restored - after the plans of long held still in Poland German architect couple Albert and Louise Altenburg . The tower received a simple pyramid-shaped tiled roof.

Extensive renovation work took place again in 1987. The roof received a new covering.

After 400 years of use as a Protestant church, St. Mary's Church in Świdwin was expropriated in favor of the Polish Catholic Church .

Until then, the city, which was the seat of its own church district with a superintendent, belonged to the church province of Pomerania of the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union . Protestant services take place in the cemetery chapel today. Świdwin is now a branch parish of the Koszalin parish in the Pomeranian-Greater Poland diocese of the Polish Evangelical-Augsburg, d. H. Lutheran, Church .

In the Schivelbeiner Marienkirche was in 1821 Rudolf Virchow , the doctor, world-renowned pathologist, politicians and historians baptized († 1902), his hometown. In 1853, Otto Georg Bogislaf von Glasenapp († 1928), who had been Vice President of the German Reichsbank for many years, was baptized here .

Marienkirche parish

Parish

Schivelbein has been the seat of the superintendent of the Schivelbein parish since 1858 . Until 1945, the Marienkirche parish was assigned to the Simmatzig branch , for which the owner of the second parish office was responsible. In addition, the places Botenhagen and Nemmin were parish. In 1940 there were 10,000 parishioners in the Marienkirche parish of Schivelbein, 500 of whom lived in the Simmatzig district. The church patronage was the responsibility of the city's magistrate.

Pastor from the Reformation to 1945

Protestant services were celebrated in the Marienkirche from the Reformation up to 1945. The following pastors were active:

  • First pastor (from 1858 also superintendent):
  1. until 1552: Paulus Krüger
  2. 1552–1566: Lazarus Peterche (he was originally a bricklayer, then a theologian. He was in charge of the construction of the vault at Schivelbein town hall)
  3. 1567–1581: Jakobus Tankius
  4. 1582– ?: Erasmus Arckenwaldt
  5. ? –1602: Andreas Peterus
  6. 1603–1617: Andreas Rhanius
  7. 1619–1626: Joachim Grunovius
  8. 1627– ?: Johann Kaldenbach
  9. ?: Wolfgang Plantiko
  10. ? Christian Chinow
  11. ?: Nikolaus Rubach
  12. ? –1684: Ludwig Weißkopf
  13. 1685– ?: Gottfried Gaul
  14. 1694–1703: Johann Andreas Hückelius
  15. 1704– ?: Heinrich Daniel Ponath
  16. ? –1760: Christian Friedrich Hohenhausen
  17. 1761–1772: Daniel Lebrecht Mehring
  18. 1772– ?: Friedrich Wilhelm Schunke
  19. ?: Gottfried Ernst Schröder
  20. 1790–1830: Johann Friedrich Benekendorf
  21. 1831–1857: Johann Friedrich Samuel Benekendorf (son of 20.)
  22. 1858–1883: Johann Ernst Julius Henske
  23. 1884–1912: Ludwig Wetzel
  24. 1913–1923: Julius Scheringer
  25. 1914–1936: Gerhard Friedemann
  26. 1937–1945: Wilhelm Lüderwaldt
  • Second pastor:
  1. 1566–1574: Sewerinus Steinhöfel
  2. 1575–1582: Erasmus Arckenradt
  3. 1585–1602: Andreas Rhanius
  4. 1603–1627: Johann Kaldenbach
  5. 1627–1631: Jakob Meyer
  6. ?: Michael Angelus
  7. ?: Heinrich König
  8. ?: Adam Nassius
  9. ?: Joachim Henke
  10. (1684): Theodor Rüdiger
  11. 1703–1704: Heinrich Daniel Ponath
  12. 1704– ?: Christian Friedrich Hohenhausen
  13. 1734–1739: Karl Friedrich Lesser (March 6, 1705 Nordhausen – 1739 Schivelbein), previously substitute for the pastor of Saarmund, Berhholz and Falhorst near Potsdam. Married in 1732 to Christiane Elisabeth Offeney.
  14. 1740–1746: Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Mnnling
  15. 1746–1772: Friedrich Wilhelm Schunke
  16. 1772– ?: Karl Friedrich Zöpfel
  17. ? –1827: Johann Ludwig Fischer
  18. 1827–1831: Johann Friedrich Samuel Benekendorf
  19. 1831–1844: Georg Ludwig Gantzkow
  20. 1855–1861: Gustav Adalbert Georg Oskar Pauli
  21. 1861–1888: Adolf Hermann Gustav Quiele
  22. 1888–1907: Albert Johann Gottfried Petzsch
  23. 1907–1920: Johannes Heling
  24. 1920–1925: Herbert Ludz
  25. 1926–1932: Hans-Joachim Hübner
  26. 1932–1940: Detlev Rewald

The sextons in Schivelbein from 1582 to 1864

The office of sexton and teacher in Schivelbein was still completely in the tradition of the church ordinances of the Reformation, because the appointment document refers to the church ordinance. The sexton is called upon to “teach the children and servants to pray the little Catechismum Lutheri unchanged, to teach them to sing good Christian chants and German psalms by heart and right”. He also had to maintain the church, pour candles, ring the bells, open the church doors for services, and organize the choir singing. There had been no significant changes to the organization of the school system since the Reformation. Even the calculation of the salaries of the sexton and teachers was traced back to the caste system introduced in Neumark in 1540; accordingly they were small. (For details on the sextons in Schivelbein in: Mühlrad, Schulbank and Carrière. See source.)

  • 1582: Ebald Mahsow, sexton
  • 1639: Hans Lüdike, sexton
  • 1640: Andreas Naduss, sexton
  • 1650: Jürgen Bötticher, sexton
  • 1687: Jochim Schmied (Schmidt), cloth maker and sexton, buried June 1, 1704 as a former sexton and cloth maker "has behaved badly with the poor box for several years".
  • 1701: Master Christian Otte, cloth maker and sexton, buried July 6, 1703.
  • since 1703: Hans Rhüdiger (perhaps a son of Pastor Theodor Rhüdiger in Schivelbein), master potter a. Küster, married November 19, 1719 to “Meyer's Daughter”, buried December 16, 1723.
  • since 1723: Christian Döge, cloth maker and sexton, buried October 26, 1724.
  • since 1724: Martin Schweitrügg, master potter, born November 18, 1701, son of the shoemaker Johann Schweitrügg (buried July 25, 1707, married 1688 to Maria Dorothea, daughter of Jochim Schmidt), married May 10, 1724 to “Mstr. Hans Rüdiger's sexton widow ”, died November 4, 1766“ almost 43 years old. Sexton."
  • since April 1766: Rector Joh. Phil. Tesch in Langenstr.
  • April 1769: and continuously named: Ehregott Leberecht Seydel (since May 2, 1766 in Repzin near Schivelbein), master tailor and sexton, died February 16, 1771.
  • since 1771: Friedrich Dumzlaff, grandson of the sister of the father of the aforementioned Schweitrügg.
  • 1802: Martin Dumzlaff, the son.
  • 1802/1803: until mid-1819, Gröling.
  • 1819: since Michaelis, Christian Dumzlaff, master tailor and 1818/19 teacher in Labenz, died in 1867 as emeritus (retired on October 1, 1862)
  • since October 1, 1862: Sexton Barner
  • since June 17, 1864: Küster Bartholdy

(Source: Records of the family researcher Otto Hintze from around 1935, in: Peter Sumerauer, Carmen Zotta: Mühlrad, Schulbank und Carrière. History and family traditions of the Domizlaff from Pomerania and Prussia , Attempto, Tübingen 2003, page 270.)

literature

  • Hans Moderow , Ernst Müller: The evangelical clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present . 2 volumes. Niekammer et al., Stettin 1903–1912.
  • Belgard-Schivelbein home district committee (ed.): The Belgard district. From the story of a Pomeranian home district . Belgard-Schivelbein home district committee, Celle 1989.
  • Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-181-3 .
  • Peter Sumerauer, Carmen Zotta: mill wheel, school desk and Carrière. History and family traditions of the Domizlaff from Pomerania and Prussia . Attempto, Tübingen 2003, ISBN 3-89308-360-X .

Web links

Commons : Church of St. Mary (Świdwin)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 46 ′ 27 ″  N , 15 ° 46 ′ 31 ″  E