Marketplace (Neubrandenburg)

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Aerial photo of the undestroyed, densely built-up old town of Neubrandenburg (view from the southwest) with the market and town hall on the left, around 1943
Model of the current development in downtown Neubrandenburg from 2009

The market square is the main square in the old town of Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany. From 1963 to 1991 the central square was called Karl-Marx-Platz .

History until 1945

The market was already in use before the medieval city was founded on January 4, 1248, later (probably for the first time in the first half of the 14th century) a central department store ("Schohus" der Schuhmacher) was built here, which later possibly became the town hall . After several town hall buildings had been destroyed, the fifth and last town hall was finally built on the market in 1737 under the direction of court architect Julius Löwe , which stood there until 1945/1950. It had a mansard roof typical of Neubrandenburg and a baroque roof turret .

Market square from the southwest with the old town hall , behind it the palace , around 1900

In 1775 the construction of the (grand) ducal Palais Neubrandenburg (city palace) began . Contrary to the custom at the time, Duke Adolf Friedrich IV had his new summer residence built in one of the liveliest places on his territory. The city palace was built in several construction phases directly on the Neubrandenburg market square and finally completely delimited its east side. In order to create enough space for the construction project, the Neubrandenburg magistrate donated the land of the city scales and the syringe house to the duke. After the completion of the building it became apparent that the premises did not offer enough space for the court. For this reason, the neighboring buildings of the Old Ratsapotheke and the so-called Rathkensche House were purchased for an extension in 1785. Around 1820 the palace was rebuilt in the classical style based on the designs of the court architect and sculptor Christian Philipp Wolff . The outside of the palace was plastered and given a mansard roof . On the representative west side of the building was the architecturally decorated central risalit with the main entrance. Above the portal, Christian Philipp Wolff had built a balcony that rested on four Roman-Doric columns. The raised porch served the sovereign and his government as a public platform. The rooms of the palace were also designed in the classical style. The four richly decorated halls, the princely study and the chapel deserve special mention in this context. After the end of the monarchy in Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the palace became the property of the city in 1919, and the city administration's offices were set up in the now public building. In 1920, the city council of Neubrandenburg made the south wing available to house the “Municipal Art Collection” founded in 1890. The collection comprised more than 700 paintings and over 3000 graphics (including valuable works by Blechen , Dürer , van Dyck , Murillo , Piranesi and Rembrandt ), valuable Meissen porcelain , sculptures and sculptures, handicrafts as well as an art library and antiques. Four years later, the “Reuter Collection” donated by Karl Theodor Gaedertz (1855–1912) with numerous letters, poems, speeches, articles, press articles, photos and devotional objects by the Low German poet Fritz Reuter was given its new home in two rooms of the same wing . During the last days of the war in 1945, the palace burned down to the ground. Allegedly, the art collection is said to have been relocated shortly beforehand and transported to Schwerin and has been lost since then.

History from 1945

Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the structure of the market, which mainly dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, was almost completely destroyed due to a systematic fire by the Red Army . The major fire on 29./30. April 1945, all public buildings in the old town and most of the bourgeois residential and commercial buildings within the city wall fell victim, including the palace , the old town hall on the market square and all residential and commercial buildings that border the market. Burnt out commercial buildings, such as the “Hotel zur Goldenen Kugel” and the “Café Zandering”, which were built after a fire in the early 20th century, were demolished; the remaining usable large hall of the former "Hotel zur Goldenen Kugel" served temporarily as a department store. In the 1950s, the rest of the development around the market was also removed and in 1951 a reconstruction began in classic forms with a gabled house on the east side of the square (former Palaisstrasse, today Stargarder Strasse). This building followed the “ 16 principles of urban development ” in an “architectural style that continues the national cultural heritage”, which is also known as socialist classicism in cultural and historical terms . The original plan was to rebuild the entire square in this style, including the reconstruction of the old town hall. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, contrary to the original plans, the decision was made to break with the traditional brick construction and the regionally adapted architectural forms, and instead planned the rest of the market square in an international style.

From 1963 to 1965 the House of Culture and Education (HKB) was built on the north side of the square . With it, a 56 meter high skyscraper was built (called “HKB Tower” or “Kulturfinger”), which is the tallest building in Neubrandenburg after the 90 meter high tower of the Gothic Marienkirche . The arrangement of the new building was not based on the historical building line and protrudes far into the market. The entire complex, which is now a listed building, was extensively renovated with public funds for around 44 million euros by 2014, but did not yet have a profitable occupancy rate in 2017. Since then, the low-rise building has housed the regional library, a conference center, the city archive, a restaurant and a fashion shop. In the tower there are commercial tenants, a café and a free viewing platform. The house is managed by the Neubrandenburg housing company Neuwoges.

The Hotel Vier Tore with a lateral rear view of the Karl Marx Monument (1990)

With the start of construction of the PCL of the central square of the district capital on 1 May 1963 was Karl Marx Square renamed and kept that name until 3 October 1991. In 1969, on the Karl-Marx-Platz Karl Marx monument of Set up by sculptor Gerhard Thieme . Relocated in 1995, dismantled and stored in 2001, the monument and its future use over several years gave rise to heated public discussions. In November 2018, the Karl-Marx-Monument found a new location somewhat decentrally at the "Schwanenteich", the remainder of a former mill pond in the area of ​​the southern Friedrich-Engels-Ring.

On September 16, 1998, the ECE Marktplatz Center with underground parking was opened on the west side of the market square . The building occupies the entire quarter between Marktplatz, Krämerstrasse, Dümperstrasse and Treptower Strasse. There are 70 shops on 12,500 m².

The market square was redesigned by 2009 and equipped with a fountain system and a new lighting concept. In the course of this work, the city center also received an additional underground car park under the market square. During the construction work, all remains of the palace and medieval predecessor buildings of the town hall on the market were cleared after archaeological investigations . Only the foundations of the old town hall remained in the ground.

The market wing of the former "Hotel Vier Tore", demolished in 2016 (Photo: April 2014)

Until its demolition in 2016, the extension to the "Hotel Vier Tore" (last operated by Radisson Blu) stood on the south side of the market. The market square wing of the hotel was inaugurated on December 1, 1972 in the then district town and was an extension of the hotel "Vier Tore", which was built in the 1950s on Stargarder Straße. The building had 390 beds and space for 730 guests. The new building was planned by Hungarian engineers. On September 25, 2017, the “Achim Griese Treuhandgesellschaft” laid the foundation stone for the “Marien-Carré” shopping center with 8,000 m² of retail space, which is highly controversial among the population and city politicians. In a second construction phase, a parking garage is to be built right next to the Marienkirche by the end of 2019 , against which protests were formed in the citizenship.

use

The development on the market is primarily used for retail, gastronomy and some cultural uses. In the 2010s, the area of ​​the market square was used once or twice a week for market days, and once a year for festive events such as the city festival (four-goal festival), the democracy festival on May 1st and during the Christmas season as a location for an ice rink .

literature

  • Annalize Wagner : town hall, market square and palace. In: From the old Neubrandenburg. 1998, pp. 5-10.
  • Volker Schmidt : Palais. In: Neubrandenburg. 1997, p. 80.
  • Volker Schmidt: Neubrandenburg. A historical guide. Hinstorff, Rostock 1997, ISBN 3-356-00726-2
  • Joachim Milster: "Dörchläuchtings" Palais and Palaisstrasse. In: Werbungkurier, Vol. 7 (1997), 52, p. 9.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History in numbers. City of Neubrandenburg, the Lord Mayor, accessed on February 12, 2016 (German): “ 29./30. April. The red army takes the city. More than 80% of the old town, including all public buildings, is destroyed primarily by fire. "
  2. ^ Klaus Schwabe: The long way to the reconstruction of St. Marien in Neubrandenburg. (No longer available online.) State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, November 1, 2008, archived from the original on February 12, 2016 ; accessed on February 12, 2016 (German): “ When at the end of the Second World War, on April 29 and 30, 1945, over 80 percent of the inner city of Neubrandenburg fell victim to a major fire, one of the top objects of Mecklenburg brick architecture was the Marienkirche . It is particularly macabre that St. Mary's Church was set on fire by targeted shelling by an SS unit shortly before the Red Army marched in, presumably because the white flag was waved on the tower, a symbol of the surrender of the city without a fight. The fire, which raged for almost 24 hours, destroyed almost the entire interior, while the building shell suffered no major damage, so that soon after the end of the war, church districts and parts of the population were talking about reconstruction. “ Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kulturwerte-mv.de
  3. ^ Refurbishment of the House of Culture and Education in the city of Neubrandenburg. Interior Minister Lorenz Caffier gives the green light. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Ministry of the Interior, December 9, 2010, accessed on December 27, 2010 .
  4. ↑ Our HKB: Neuwoges , accessed on January 9, 2018
  5. ^ Neubrandenburg - chronological city history and company portraits. Ed .: City Archives Neubrandenburg. Neubrandenburg 1997. pp. 79, 100.
  6. ^ Federal archive picture
  7. ^ The redesign of the market square in Neubrandenburg: The city also has stomach pains with construction plans in: Nordkurier , February 3, 2015
  8. ↑ Building permit for Marien Carrée , ImmobilienManager, June 29, 2017
  9. ↑ Construction site in Neubrandenburg: Foundation stone laid for Marien-Carrée in: Nordkurier , September 26, 2017

Web links

Commons : Marketplace  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 27 "  N , 13 ° 15 ′ 36.2"  E