Martial Herman
Martial Joseph Armand Herman (born August 29, 1759 in Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise , † May 7, 1795 in Paris ) was a politician of the French Revolution and president of the Revolutionary Tribunal .
Life
Herman came from a family of lawyers, was admitted to the bar in 1783, and in 1786 was deputy advocate general of the Artois Provincial Assembly . After the Revolution he co-founded the local Jacobin Club and in 1791 became a judge in the Saint-Pol-Sur-Ternoise district and then in Arras. In 1792 he became President of the Board of Directors of the Pas-de-Calais Department and in the same year President of the Criminal Court in Arras.
He married Vedasline-Prudence Foucquart in October 1792, with whom he had a son Aristide, born in 1793.
On August 28, 1793, through the mediation of Maximilien Robespierre , who came from Arras, he became president of the Revolutionary Tribunal . His predecessor turned out to be too moderate in the eyes of Robespierre and other Jacobins in the trial of Charlotte Corday . In his capacity as chairman of the Revolutionary Tribunal, he led the trials against Marie Antoinette , the Girondists (1793), the supporters of Jacques-René Hébert (1794) and Georges Danton (1794). On April 9, 1794 he was replaced by René-François Dumas . He then became Minister of the Interior .
After the coup d'état and fall of Robespierre on 9th Thermidor , he was arrested and sentenced to death in the trial against members of the Revolutionary Tribunal (throwing a book at the judge who sentenced him). On May 7, 1795 he was with the other convicts, including the public prosecutor Antoine Fouquier-Tinville , guillotined .
literature
- Raymonde Monnier, Albert Soboul (eds.): Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française, PUF, 2005, article: Herman (Martial-Joseph-Armand), pp. 550–551.
- Henri Wallon: Histoire du Tribunal révolutionnaire de Paris avec le journal de ses actes, Hachette, 6 volumes, 1880 to 1882
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Herman, Martial |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Herman, Martial Joseph Armand (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French revolutionary and judge |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 29, 1759 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 7, 1795 |
| Place of death | Paris |