Martin Salomonsky

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Salomonski's doctoral thesis (title page)

Martin (Meir) Salomonski (born June 24, 1881 in Berlin , † after October 16, 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a German rabbi . Along with Leo Baeck and Felix Singermann, he was one of the last rabbis in Berlin at the time of National Socialism .

Life

Childhood and youth

Martin Salomonski was born on June 24, 1881 as the second son of the businessman Adolf Salomonski and his wife Bertha, née. Koppenheim, born in Berlin. The parents' residential and commercial building was at Alexanderstraße 1, in an exposed location to Alexanderplatz . First he attended the boys' school of the Jewish community, then the Königstädtische and later the Berlinische Gymnasium zum Grau Kloster . In 1901 he received his secondary school leaving certificate and began studying oriental philology at the Royal Friedrich Wilhelms University . At the same time, Salomonsky entered the Institute for the Science of Judaism , where he passed the rabbinical examination on July 20, 1908 . In July 1910 he received his doctorate with the dissertation “Vegetable growing and vegetables in Palestine during the time of the Mischnah ” at the University of Tübingen . The work dealt with the types of vegetables that are mentioned in the Bible .

Rabbi in Frankfurt (Oder)

official festival poster for the jew. Autumn festivals in Le Cateau from 1917

From 1910 to 1924 he was rabbi of the long-established synagogue community in Frankfurt (Oder) . He first moved into his apartment at Wilhelmplatz 23 and later at Lindenstrasse 6 (now 18). Salomonski became a board member of the Provincial Association of Brandenburg Synagogue Communities and a member of the Central German Rabbi Association, the Hardenberg Lodge and the reform-oriented Abraham Geiger Lodge. On July 25, 1915, Rabbi Salomonski was involved in the inauguration of the Gronenfelde war cemetery as part of an ecumenical service. During the First World War he served as a field rabbi in the 2nd Army from 1916 to 1918 , for which he received the Iron Cross in March 1917 .

In 1923 his wife Paula, geb. Baruch, whom he married in 1910, had a flu infection. The daughters Eva (1911–1997), Hilde (1916–2005), Franziska (1919–1990) and Anni (1919–2011) emerged from this marriage, who escaped the Holocaust by emigrating to various countries.

Rabbi in Berlin

Memorial stone for the victims of the 1510 Berlin burning of Jews in Mollstrasse. 11

Salomonski, who returned to Berlin in 1925, served as rabbi of the " Liberal Synagogue " founded in 1923 at the " Baruch Auerbach orphanage ", opposite the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee . In the years 1930–1934 and 1939–1940 Salomonski was also active as a rabbi at the New Synagogue in Berlin on Oranienburger Strasse. In addition, he was very committed to the social and cultural issues of the Berlin Jewish community . He sponsored the construction of the Lützowstrasse and Lietzmannstrasse retirement homes, which were among the most modern of their kind in the 1930s. He donated a memorial plaque for the victims of the burning of the Jews in 1510 for the synagogue of the Lietzmannstraße retirement home , and as donor he also immortalized himself by name:

The sacred bones of the members of our first congregation in Berlin rest here.
They were murdered as martyrs and burned on 12 Aw 5270.
This plaque was put up by Meir , the son of Abraham Salomonski , in 1935.

As head of the Jewish community's donation work , he tried to financially secure the preservation of Jewish institutions during the Nazi era by raising donations and collecting funds. In addition to treatises on religious and liturgical topics, he also published poems and two novels and composed organ works for liberal synagogues.

Deportation and killing

Martin Salomonski lived at Rankestrasse 33 until his deportation.On June 19, 1942, he was born at Grosse Hamburgerstrasse 26 with his two children Adolf Fritz Salomonski (born January 2, 1928 in Berlin) and Ruth Mirjam Salomonski (born May 24, 1931 in Berlin) deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto . The mother of Adolf Fritz and Ruth Mirjam Salomonski was his second wife Lotte Salomonski, geb. North. By the time they were deported, they were already divorced.

He also worked as a preacher and teacher in Theresienstadt.

His son Adolf Fritz Salomonski was deported to Auschwitz on September 28, 1944, and murdered there. On October 16, 1944, Dr. Martin Salomonski was also transferred to Auschwitz and killed there. Ruth Mirjam Salomonski died on April 4, 1945 in the Theresienstadt ghetto.

Commemoration

Stumbling block for Martin Salomonski

The Jewish community in Frankfurt (Oder) honors its former rabbi with a permanent exhibition in a separate memorial room in Halben Stadt 30. On July 5, 2010, a stumbling block for Martin Salomonski was laid in front of his former place of work in Frankfurt (Oder) . The inscription reads:

HERE WAS THE IMPACT
DR. MARTIN
SALOMONSKI
RABBI
JG. 1881
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED 1944

Works (selection)

  • Vegetable cultivation and plants in Palestine at the time of the Mischnah ( digitized version ), inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate, presented by Martin Salomonski, Tübingen 1910, Berlin 1911.
  • One year on the Somme , Trowitzsch, Frankfurt a. O. 1917.
  • Jewish pastoral care on the Western Front , Lamm, Berlin 1918.
  • The née Tugendreich , Brüder-Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1928 (was first published in 1923 as a serial in the Israelitisches Familienblatt ).
  • Zwei im other Land , Benjamin Harz Verlag, Berlin / Vienna 1934 (Jewish-liberal newspaper from June 1 (No. 5) to December 22, 1933 (No. 36)).
  • Light the Hanukkah Light , Booklet of the Addiction Work d. Jew. Berlin community, December 1934, 22 pages.
  • Calendar of the Berlin Jews , Aufbringungswerk d. Jew. Parish, Berlin 1935.
  • The book of consumption , 1940
  • The realm of virtue born. Großstadttroman , new edition with foreword and contemporary reviews, Berlin 2020, ISBN 9783752978636 .

literature

  • Nicola Galliner et al .: Guide through the Jewish Berlin , Sn. 267, 194, 288; Nicolai, Berlin 1987; ISBN 3-87584-165-4
  • Salomonsky, Martin. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 18: Phil – Samu. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-598-22698-4 , pp. 473-476.
  • Biographical handbook of the rabbis , edited by Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach , part 2, Die Rabbiner im deutschen Reich 1871-1945 , edited by Katrin Nele Jansen, Volume 2, Munich 2009, pp. 529-532

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander Fromm and Jakob Molchadskiy: "Dr. Martin Salomonski: Ein Frankfurter Rabbiner" Leaflet for the permanent exhibition of the Jewish community Frankfurt (Oder) on the occasion of the laying of the Stolperstein on July 5, 2010 (pdf; 2.22 MB).
  2. ↑ Schönhauser Allee 162: demolished after war destruction and rebuilt, information board
  3. ↑ Lützowstraße 77: demolished after war destruction and rebuilt, memorial plaque
  4. ^ Lietzmannstrasse, later Gerlachstrasse 19–21: the street was repealed and built over in 1973 after severe war damage
  5. ↑ The plaque is now on a memorial stone next to the house at Mollstrasse 11 .
personal data
SURNAME Salomonsky, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salomonsky, Meir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 1944
Place of death Auschwitz concentration camp