Bulk raw material

As mass raw materials are naturally occurring in large quantities throughout the world, mostly mineral called substances mainly as a raw material for the construction be dismantled.

The most important bulk raw materials are

• Sand , silt and crushed stone (gravel)
• to a lesser extent rubble , grit (often basalt ), clay minerals
• and other special building and raw materials such as limestone , gypsum or oil shale .

The most important deposits in terms of quantity are sand pits , gravel or gravel pits and limestone quarries , followed by other quarries and special forms of mining .

In the case of gravel and crushed stone, the sorting according to grain size is often carried out on site or the material is broken down to the desired size.

In order to monitor and estimate the raw material stocks, the excavations (mostly in the open pit ) must be measured periodically . There are usually strict environmental protection and spatial planning requirements for permits and operations . So is z. B. often to check the groundwater regularly and to check the entry of any pollutants (petrol, oil from excavators , etc.) into the soil.

The measurements can be carried out conventionally with theodolite and EDM , but also with GPS , with terrestrial photogrammetry or (if the area is not too large) with the laser scanner . CAD programs are used to evaluate and determine the cubature , and our own terrain models (DTM, DGM) and GIS methods are also used.

Web links

• Raw materials in Bavaria - an overview. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .