Max Enderlin

Max Enderlin - photo around 1930

Max Albert Enderlin (born January 24, 1872 in Bötzingen am Kaiserstuhl , †  October 3,  1940 in Mannheim - Feudenheim ) was a German educator. From 1922 to 1933 he headed the experimental school in Feudenheim, which he designed as a reformist .

Life

Enderlin began his career as a teacher in 1891 as a 19-year-old assistant teacher. As early as 1903, at that time already a main teacher in Mannheim , his first book Erziehungs durch Arbeit appeared . In 1907 his book "The meaning of toys for the development of children" followed. In 1910 the "Book to learn to read and at the same time a play and work book, In the golden children's area", written together with Wilhelm August Lay, appears. In 1915 Enderlin, now a senior teacher, became head of the Feudenheim School. He wrote numerous articles in the magazine "Die neue Schule", the founder and editor of which he was. It appeared from 1921 to 1926. From 1927 Enderlin was the author of articles and co-editor of the monthly magazine with the new name "Die neue deutsche Schule" (Verlag Diesterweg, Frankfurt / M.).

After 1933 the experimental schools in Germany were closed or converted into "normal" schools as a result of the National Socialist influence and oriented towards National Socialist educational goals. At the same time, the Mannheim school system according to Sickinger was abolished. When the National Socialist state fired older officials in favor of younger ones, Enderlin was given early retirement on April 1, 1934. A Sturmbannführer took over his position. Enderlin has now opened in the garden of his house on Schützenstr. 23, Feudenheim, a woodworking workshop and manufactured wooden toys (Hiddigeigei brand) with his daughter, the sculptor Gertrud Franz. After the death of her father, Gertrud Franz expanded the toy production commercially under her own name. The Feudenheimer Max-Enderlin-Straße today reminds of Rector Enderlin.

power

Inspired by the ideas of the reform pedagogues Georg Kerschensteiner , Wilhelm August Lay u. a., which opposed the work school (Kerschensteiner) or the Tatschule (Lay) to the old learning or cramming school and its alienness and authoritarianism, Enderlin himself became the reformer of the Feudenheim school. In the years 1922–1933 Enderlin created and directed the experimental school in Feudenheim. Enderlin's work was supported by the Mannheim school system, developed and introduced by the school reformer Dr. Josef Anton Sickinger , City School Councilor in Mannheim since 1895.

The Feudenheim experimental school was designed by Enderlin as a work school and comprehensive school at the same time. The aim of the work school was to instruct the pupils on how to work independently in all subjects. "It does not focus on knowledge, but on ability, ie the ability to act powerfully, purposefully and independently." . From the first year of school onwards, lessons should arouse children's interest through games and activities in such a way that they look forward to school. Some of the teaching units described in the "New School" show how an event from the everyday life of the children, the construction of the tram, a skeleton find in the local church etc. are the starting points for teaching units to acquire the language, arithmetic skills, the ability to represent forms , geographical and historical knowledge, etc. serves as a central teaching topic.

Crafts lesson

Enderlin pursued a concept of total teaching. From the beginning, he abolished the division of lessons into subjects. A subject from the child's environment formed the focus of the lesson. The teacher should be given the freedom to relate other subjects to this material in a way that promotes the child's mental and physical development. Although Enderlin admitted that the problem of overall teaching might not be as easy to solve in the upper level as in the lower level, overall teaching in the primary school was also held and documented in Feudenheim . In order to achieve the desired goals, new paths were also followed. Enderlin dissolved the seating arrangements in school benches and introduced tables and chairs so that craft classes could take place at the tables and interaction between the students was encouraged. A sand table in the classroom encouraged the children to be creative in connection with lesson content. There were handicrafts in school workshops, gardening in the school garden and hikes. From 1925, the Feudenheim School published the school newspaper "Unser Blatt", illustrated with linocuts , from the school's own print shop.

School camp

At the suggestion of Enderlin in 1923, parents gave their consent to purchase a school campus. This was followed by the founding of the Schullandheim Mannheim-Feudenheim eV association in 1925. From the membership fee, donations, the proceeds of a lottery and school festivals, as well as a loan, a house with meadow grounds in Waibstadt , Kraichgau was bought and rebuilt by 1928. In addition to the city child's occupation with nature, recreation, physical acting out, the rural school home should also promote education for community, for social people, entirely in the spirit of (life) community school, as it u. a. by Prof. Dr. Wilhelm August Lay was represented, who was Enderlin's partner (also relative). Three lost films (400 m each) from the film company M.John & Co. Mannheim, shot from a script by Max Enderlin, shows large parts of the work of Enderlin and the teachers of the Feudenheim School at the different learning locations. This is attested by the documents received from the Munich Film Inspectorate from 1927 on an application from Rhenus-Film GmbH, Mannheim.

Enderlin's particular merit is that he tirelessly and with his own influence consistently implemented the ideas of reform pedagogy of the second half of the 19th century and from the beginning of the 20th century until 1933 in the Feudenheim School. In the years before 1933, more than 2,400 visitors from home and abroad took the opportunity to find out more about his work in the Feudenheim School, and he passed on his knowledge in numerous advanced training courses.

Works (selection)

• In the golden children's land, a book to learn to read and at the same time a play and work book , Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig, 1910
• Guide through the first school year as the basis of the Tatschule . Verlag Quelle and Meyer Leipzig 2nd edition 1926
• The new school , monthly for education and instruction. Edited by senior teacher Max Enderlin. J. Bensheimer, Mannheim and Berlin.
• The new writing lessons , Karlsruhe, Badische Druckerei u. J. Boltze Publishing House, 1929

literature

• Experimental school Feudenheim 1922-1933, The forgotten reform pedagogy of Enderlin and Lay , Hansjürgen Kessler, self-published Mannheim-Feudenheim 1995
• Educational organizational research , Michael Göhlich, Caroline Hopf, Ines Sausele (eds.), Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2005
• Experimental pedagogy, empirical educational science in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century , Caroline Hopf, Verlag Julius Klinkhardt 2004
• Basic competence in written language acquisition, methods and action-oriented practical suggestions , Wilhelm Tropsch, 2nd edition, Beltz Verlag 2005
• Feudenheim, Illustrated History of a Mannheim Suburb , History Workshop Feudenheim and Michael Caroli, City Archives Mannheim Hrsg., Edition Quadrat 1991

Web links

• Literature by and about Max Enderlin in the catalog of the German National Library
• More works on google book search

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Education through work: An under. about d. Position d. Handwork in d. Education , Verlag Frankenstein & Wagner, 1903
2. ↑ The role of toys for the development of children , Verlag H. Beyer and Sons, 1907
3. ↑ see Google Maps / Earth, coordinates: 49.482492,8.537557
4. ↑ Neue Badische Schulzeitung 44, 1920, title page
5. ↑ Enderlin 1923, article "Gesamtunterricht"
6. ↑ z. E.g. Lauble, Hans: 8 days of total instruction. Die neue Schule 1922, p. 391
7. ^ Lay, WA: The community school. Osterwieck / Leipzig 1926