Maximilianstrasse (Lindau)
The Maximilianstraße in Lindau ( Bavaria ) is the main street running in east-west direction in the old town of Lindau on the eponymous island in the eastern part of Lake Constance . It is located between the former monastery area (around today's monastery or market square) and the port (and in modern times the main station and the main post office).
In the middle of the central square (formerly called the Reichsplatz as a whole , because Lindau was an imperial city until 1800 ), a representative bourgeois town hall and shop has been built ( city history ). With its magnificent facade, it faces south towards the harbor . The market hall on the lower floor ; above the council chamber. The market hall as a trading place is thus a central part of the old town, which is protected as a monument. Its floor plan , which dates from the Middle Ages, has largely been preserved. Many houses in Lindau still stand horizontally and vertically in the original scale. They must have survived the fire in 1728 that devastated the monastery district and part of the old town. The reconstruction around the market square was done in the baroque style.
Probably due to the former separation of the island area into a monastery district and a secular village, today's main road has no straight line continuation of the main traffic axis to / from the mainland. Maximilianstraße is more an example of a self-contained promenade within the bourgeois city instead of a thoroughfare. With such an important city on the north-south trade route via the Rhine Valley over the Alps, that is a considerable luxury.
Ludwigstrasse runs parallel to it across the island in the south and Grub to the north . Both streets can still be seen from their curved course, the formation within the medieval fortifications of the island. In both there are also many buildings that were built in the 15th and 16th centuries. And in contrast to Maximilianstrasse: both lead back together in the east in front of the pier to the mainland.
Even if this does not reflect the current names, the old main street from the mainland should have been as follows: Seebrücke, Schmiedgasse, Cramergasse and Maximilianstrasse. In front of Cramergasse there is still a clear separation on old plans between the church's Stiftsplatz and a tree garden in front of it. Only beyond him did the country road (in the double sense of road to country and secular) run along the hospital, which was an institution of the monastery.
The floor covering: the actual driveway is paved (but no longer with the region's own Rhine / Bodensee pebbles). In front of the northern house fronts, walkways are delimited by two low steps in the eastern part of the street / square. This takes the older paving, visible in photos from around 1900 and 1920, with sidewalks on both sides.
The medieval Maximilianstrasse actually ended at house no. 29 or opposite at no. 46 at the intersection with the Inselgraben. Because it was the ditch outside the city wall. In the modern era, there are two later blocks of streets that were no longer built in medieval house forms. Perhaps the most noticeable is the main post office with a magnificent facade facing the new station square. In its pomp it is clearly no longer oriented towards Maximilianstrasse, but has its main effect on passers-by who enter the island from the train station that was expanded from 1913 to 1921 or from the port.
Its length is 230 meters, the average width is 15 meters and at the widest point at house number 5 it is twenty meters.
History, naming
Some houses on the Brotlaube still point back to Gothic in their formal language (the year 1386 is mentioned). The arcades and porticos on the street are not characteristic, but they are available in different designs in several places.
For a long time Maximilianstrasse was simply called Hauptstrasse . Before that, there was still a threefold subdivision according to the main occupation of the guilds / merchant families. At five it was simply called: Old Market. In the middle part it was called Brodplatz and to the west the Mezg (after the sausage and meat production). Some of these names are still used in house or street names.
Around 1815, only nine years after Lindau's "incorporation" into Bavaria, it became Maximiliansstrasse for the first time (after Max I , the first Bavarian king. A consequence of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , see History of Lindau). In 1936 it was renamed Hauptstrasse again. After the occupation by the French military government at the end of the Second World War, the renaming after Hitler was of course reversed. And in the 1980s it became Maximilianstrasse again .
It has been a pedestrian zone since 1973 . Since then, this has also become clearly noticeable in the redesign of further "shop windows" on the ground floors in the resolution of the change of doors, windows and walls. Here the horizontal division of the facades between the shop design and the overall character of the house followed the example of many pedestrian zones.
The numbering system of the houses in the streets changed over time. There was a continuous numbering of all houses on the island (see right the map from 1822, approx. 500 numbers). After the numbering of the houses has been divided into four, towards numbering by street, in which the adjoining houses at the end of the street are always counted to the numbering of the side street (i.e. 1 or 2 of the XYZ alley). These houses are of course taken into account here with their fronts as residents of Maximilianstrasse.
Note on the house numbers on Maximilianstrasse: The even and odd digits following one another are mostly not synchronized, but offset on the street, due to the cross streets and the sequence of places. This is one of the reasons why the two sides of the street are shown separately.
The houses at the eastern beginning of the square
The numbering of the houses that border the square / street space to the east - especially houses Cg 13 and 15 - counts in the T-bar-shaped side streets, Cramer- and Bindergasse .
- Cramergasse 9
- Corner house, complex (around 1600) is attributed to Esaias Gruber (it was renewed after the city fire in 1728). Bricked with 5 window axes on the two upper floors. Ground floor with two arches (shutters) and a central door.
- Cramergasse 11 - Hirsch pharmacy
- Completely bricked with 3 axes. Central polygonal bay window on the 1st floor. Gable on the 4th floor with a large elevator opening to the gable roof perpendicular to the street.
- Cramergasse 13 - House of Hans Erath
- with a family coat of arms of the Eraths and the inscription "since 1946". A coat of arms with information on previous owners runs under the gable of the gable roof with arbor. 3rd floor protruding. Large elevator dormer.
- Cramergasse 15-17
- four-story buildings, No. 19 three-story with a large elevator dormer.
This is followed by Bindergasse 1- Zum Krebs with a staggered gable and No. 3 : four-story buildings
Houses on the south side
The 25 houses / residents with uneven house numbers are on the south side of Maximilianstrasse, i.e. on the side facing the harbor , grouped into six building blocks. Various alleys with a slight incline go down to the lake from here (there are some visual connections).
- Branch of the Bindergasse . Various corridors on the axis of Maximilianstrasse open into it from the Stiftsplatz to the east . One of these is open to passers-by during the day.
- (This corresponds to the location of Cramergasse on the opposite side of the street / square )
- Bindergasse 2
- Laundry & more; Solid construction with arcade, hipped pent roof with gable facing Maximilianstrasse on the 4th floor (formerly access to the roof storage room?).
- 1 - For five
- Inn with four-arched arcade from two buildings. Three full floors above a knee-high floor and a monopitch roof with two small dormers. First mentioned in 1358. Until 1815 community house of the long distance merchants (the so-called Lindau families; as a counterpart to the craftsmen's guilds ). Current condition after renovation in 1901. In front of it there is a deep well protected with grids
- 3
- Solid construction set back behind the line of the arcade. 3rd floor and pent roof not from the construction period in the 16th or 17th centuries.
- 5 - Engel Pharmacy
- the house number is given three times, so to speak: the core building is the Engel pharmacy. Central oriel from the 1st floor up to the tower-like closure at the height of the attic. The tower and facade are from 1894. In the second house (5A, so to speak), the now closed passage to the Sattlergangle can still be seen . On the back of the building, the Sattlergangsle continues to Ludwigstraße and beyond that as Mautgässle to the port.
- Salzgasse 1 - To the furnace house
- Facade address Max Weindl. Also from formerly at least two buildings. Easily recognizable by the differently coupled multiple windows. The walled enclosure of the upper floors is visible towards Salzgasse. A corner bay on the 1st floor is missing.
- Branch of the Salzgasse
- (this corresponds to Bürstergasse on the opposite side of the street )
- Salzgasse 2 - To the old town hall
- TanzCafé with misleading lettering. Saddle roof construction with deep arcade; Bay window on the first floor bears the year 1588
- 9
- Three half-timbered storeys protruding over the brick ground floor. Slightly inclined gable roof, in it elevator dormer with pointed roof.
- 11 - To the bear
- four floors from the 15th century. Walled front with different in the upper floors. coupled windows.
- Bismarckplatz numbers 1/2
- two houses, gable facing Bismarckplatz. From the 15th century, renovated in 1709 and extended to the south. Considerable window frames!
- Corner to Bismarckplatz or at the southern corner the alley to Reichsplatz Up to this corner or the corner with Schneeberggasse Götzger suspects, due to the straight lines of flight, a planned layout of the street / the square in an epoch in which the city was expanding to the east could.
- Reichsplatz / Maximiliansplatz / Bismarckplatz with the old town hall (built 1422–1436) set back from the street in the middle of the square, and the new town hall (17th century) on its west side. It was rebuilt in 1576 with a stepped gable in the Renaissance style. The facade facing the pedestrian zone shows the development of the council chamber with a large, roofed, originally wooden access staircase, which leads into a bay on the west side. The southern front was decorated with historicizing paintings in the 19th century, which depict Lindau's history.
- Passage to Reichsplatz . There, in the direction of the harbor, parts of the square known as the Korn- und Weinmarkt follow.
- ( Schneeberg- / Storchengasse corresponds to it on the opposite side of the street )
The following row of houses (from the New Town Hall to house number 17) changes very gradually from the previous east-west to a more south-westerly oriented alignment.
- new town hall
- (Built 1706–1717. This house occupied open spaces on the triangular Reichsplatz around the town hall. The main street was closed to the south.) Three full floors with 7 axes; three-storey volute gable facing the square in front of a gable roof. It's at a right angle on Maximilianstrasse. Its site there has been used commercially since recently; former police station. It was the seat of the city administration until 1926. It is connected to the old town hall on the 1st floor via the neighboring house to the south, which is also new .
- 11 - House to the Bear
- Saddle roof construction with elevator dormer, the year 1458 is painted in a modern style.
- 13 - consisting of two buildings
- left building with three floors, bay window and mansard roof, marked 1894; Right building with four floors and a gable roof, the year is 1895
- Krummgasse 1 - bakers guild
- Part of Elektro-Frey, three-story half-timbered building with the gable facing Dammgasse, plastered, painted white. 8 windows wide (2nd floor 3 double windows with brown shutters). Under the three coats of arms of Lindau, the imperial eagle and a guild pretzel, it says "Bakers Guild 1756"
- Krummgasse 1 - bakers guild
- Part of the continuously designed block of houses Frey. Older photos show different floor heights on the first floor of the two parts. Eaves-sided corner house, dendrodating 1377.
- Junction of the Krummgasse
- (this corresponds to Schafgasse on the opposite side of the street )
- 15 - Frey Wine Bar
- Bay window in the dining room on the first floor in the second house under this number, three-story with Krangaube. Old shop fitting in the corner part; the entrance is on Krummgasse. Corner house from the 15th century, marked 1560 and 1656.
- 17th
- Four-storey gable building with bay window combined with the wine tavern, the core of the 15th century, the top floor and the tail gable are marked with the year 1887, in keeping with the style.
- 19th
- Gable roof construction with elevator dormer from the 15th century
- 21st
- three-storey corner house with mansard roof from two buildings joined together, now traditional. Furniture shop; in the core 15./16. Century, facades were renewed in the 18th century; A low extension with a Krangaube follows the courtyard, 15./16. century
Corner house with eaves facing Maximilianstrasse and with stepped gable facing Metzgergasse, 15./16. Century, 19th century changes
- Branch off of Vorderen Metzgergasse ( it is called Dammgasse in the Fortsetzg. On the other side of Ludwigstrasse .) It has no equivalent on the opposite side of the street.
- Vorderen Metzgerg. 2
- Corner house with eaves facing Maximilianstrasse. and stepped gable to Metzgergasse, 15./16. Century, changes to the store floor hats & more from the 19th century. Two three-part Lindau windows on the first floor
- 23
- Shoe shop under a pent roof and a dwelling from the 16th century, the classicist facade from the 18th century.
25 - Flat roof, building structure 16th century, facade 18th century.
- Branch of the rear Metzgergasse
- (Once on the opposite side of the street, this corresponded to the alley to Oberer Schrannenplatz, which had not been continuous since the beginning of the 20th century )
- 27-29
- (Gap in the text of the description) Modern buildings follow.
- Crossing with the Inselgraben (already outside the old fortification line)
- ( Zeppelinstraße corresponds to it on the opposite side of the street )
- Transition to Bahnhofplatz with the street to the harbor.
Behind the west wing of the post office, which is aligned along the railway system, there is a functional continuation of Maximilianstraße: the wide pedestrian walkway over the station tracks to the rear island (which was then a barracks area for a long time) is located almost exactly on the axis of Maximilianstraße. The footbridge is the shortest connection to the Bavarian Luitpold barracks, which was built around the same time as the railway system, with its castle-like facade design from the Wilhelminian era.
Houses on the north side
The 32 houses on the north side of Maximilianstraße are on the mainland side and are fully illuminated by the midday sun. They are grouped into five building blocks.
- If you walk along Cramergasse to get to Maximilianstrasse, you will come across two houses on Cramergasse, which lead at right angles to Hauptstrasse: In the shadow of House 2 , the house is in the short piece of the T-bar that Cramergasse forms here
- Cramergasse 18 - House of the Red Lion.
- A four-storey saddle roof building with residential and commercial use (on the ground floor). The building fabric originates from the 14th century. The rear of house 2 is built onto its northern side.
- Junction of Cramergasse (there is also historically the spelling Kramerg. ). It leads from / to Stiftsplatz and over Chelleallee to the pier. At the right-angled bend in Cramergasse to the east, it continues straight on in the narrow Felsgasse down to the old school square .
- (this corresponds to the Bindergasse on the opposite side of the street / square )
- 2 u. 2a
- Five-storey stone building with two-arched arcade and stepped gable, former gable crane in the meanwhile developed 5th floor with rounded blue portal and two round light windows to the right and left of it, light yellow / beige plastered. The ashlars are painted gray from the 1st floor. On the ground floor they are roughly hewn and slightly inclined outwards. Or. five-story half-timbered building, 4 windows wide. Wave-shaped gable dormer on the 5th floor, rough plaster, beige
- 4 - House at the old market
- three-storey saddle roof building with elevator dormer, upper storeys and bay window half-timbered, dendro.dat. 1348, remodeling modern marked 1597
- 6 - 8
- dated 1597 or 1586, massive plinth floors and two half-timbered floors. The framework has been exposed for several years. No. 8 former Swiss grain trade.
- 10 - To the Orthaus
- Bricked ground floor, three plastered half-timbered floors with a bay window that is shifted slightly to the right from the center and encloses the elevator dormer on the 4th floor. 16./17. Century.
- 12
- Above the brick ground floor three-story half-timbered structure with z. T. towering 2. u. 3rd floor, 2 triple group windows each. Originally probably two houses. 15./16. Century.
- In between in the façade, a lintel-covered passage to the lemon alley down into the pit .
- 14th
- Two three-story half-timbered buildings with a house number and a protruding 1st + 2nd floor. 2nd floor, right 2 × coupled triple windows. Elevator dormer on the 3rd floor. On the 4th floor dormer.
- Bürstergasse 1 - To the Lugebank
- Former Café Kick, four-storey house with half-timbered building (1st + 2nd floor; windows with profiled sandstone walls, partly coupled, slightly offset, bound double windows. Partly ascribed to the 15th and 16th centuries. two houses merged. 3rd floor with window to Maximilianstrasse and an extended attic with two dormers at the beginning of the 20th century. Gable with pent roof to Bürstergasse)
- Branch off the Bürstergasse
- (this corresponds to the Salzgasse on the opposite side of the street / square )
... small square with so-called children's party fountain.
- Bürstergasse 3
- stepped gable on one side
- 16 - To the Hohentwiel
- Formerly owned by the old Krell family from Lindau.
- 18 and Schneeberggasse 2 - Haus zum Schneggen
- With tail gable, presumably. emerged from three houses. With elevator dormer, 15./16. century
- Branch of the Schneeberggasse
- (on the opposite side of the square it corresponds to the passage to the right of the old town hall to Reichsplatz )
- Schneeberggasse 1
- 22 - To hope
- today Hugo; with elevator dormer, 15./16. century
24 - Brodlaube with a round arch, basement neck, built in 1386, with changes from the 18th and 19th centuries, considerable wooden portals
- 26 u. 28 - Bürklin bakery
- Semi-detached house with bread arbor with two Gothic pointed arches. Former baker's guild house, Haus zur Brodlaube or Haus zum Rad
- 28a or Schafgasse 2 - Wegelin to the plow
- Shed roof facing the alley, stepped gable towards Maximilianstrasse. 14th Century. In all three houses with a continuous, elevated portico, there are staircases leading to cellars with modern shop fittings.
- Branch of the Schafgasse to the Paradiesplatz
- (This corresponds to Vordere Metzgergasse / Dammgasse on the opposite side of the square )
- 30 - House to the Sword
- striking classical facade, flat roof over three floors. The building fabric from the 15th and 18th centuries. This house and the following row of houses (11 house numbers) were built in a different alignment than the previous ones. A clear bend to the southwest (around 15 degrees - estimated). See the different names of the street parts in the past. In the medieval grid, the house is more like a separate block of houses than the uniform house as it is today. Only its four-part roofscape can still be seen from the outside of the formerly separate building history of the original components.
- 32 - house to the bike
- Half-timbered bay window on the 1st floor to the side, Krangaube in the gable roof above the 2nd floor.
- 34
- Structure from the end of the 16th century.
- 36 - 40 - (gap in the text of this description)
- 42
- Island hotel
- 44-46
- the island pharmacy as a former corner building
- Crossing with Zeppelinstraße (already outside the old fortification line)
- (it corresponds to the island moat on the opposite side of the street )
- 48-50
- Built in 1936/37 based on the houses with arcades.
- Crossing - access route for the post office and the former railway depot
- 52
- Former main post office (1902/03) in the style of historicism, to the south a gabled central projection.
Fountain
Fountains in the street are in front of the house
- For five, deep wells covered with grids
- The original, before 1936, Königsbrunnen received a fountain attachment by a NS drummer boy (belonged quite clearly to the young people, part of the Hitler Youth). The current metal children's festival figures were set up after a design competition in the 1990s. Next to the house at Bürstergasse 1.
- A water feature close to the ground in front of house No. 36 is modern
- on the other hand, the old wall fountain at the former slaughterhouse is missing.
Summary: typical components
The main street (Maximilianstraße) has many narrow, towering buildings, the upper floors are z. T. in half-timbered. Traditionally, probably as fire protection, the half-timbering is plastered in the region. The fronts were enlivened by bay windows and arched doors. The elevator gables on many houses, some of which still have their function, are particularly typical. The roofs are mostly arranged on the eaves side, only occasionally also at the gable end with desk stair gables facing the street. Occasionally, arcades with alternating arch positions jump in front of the original building line. Numerous elevator gables and the arbors still characterize Lindau's central square / Marktstrasse today as a once important trading town.
literature
- Ludwig Armbruster: Gem Lindau. Bee, Lindau, 1949.
- Heinrich Götzger: The town house of Lindau in Lake Constance. Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen, 1969. 118 pages. In the appendix there is a part of illustrations (plates T1-T136) with 251 b / w photographs.
- Werner Dobras, Michael Urbanzyk: The history of Lindau street names. Geßler, Friedrichshafen, 1979.
- Christof Spuler, Werner Dobras: Lindau city and art guide. Stadler, Konstanz, 1984, 2nd edition. 136 pages. ISBN 3797700725
- Karl Wolfart (Ed.): History of the city of Lindau in Lake Constance. 3 vol., Stettner, Lindau, 1909.
- Maximilianstrasse through the ages. In Lindauer Bürgerzeitung, BZ issue week 47/2004 - published on November 19, 2004 (with color photos from around 1955)
See also
- Architectural monuments in Lindau (according to the Bavarian Monument List, according to the 1973 law) (35 positions are named for Maximilianstraße. With individual photographs.)
Web links
- Old postcards (most of them around 1920, some colored)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The length between Cramergasse and Graben. The total length to the southwest corner of house 52 (post office): 270 meters.
- ↑ A current Internet company list on Maximilianstrasse names 23 companies as of 2015
- ↑ Cf. to 9 in Götzger, 1969. pp. 48–51. Figs. 17, 76, 102, 141/142; go to picture at Commons
- ↑ See on 9-15 in Götzger, 1969. p. 48
- ↑ See Spuler / Dobras, 1984 , p. 41. For the picture at Commons (wrongly labeled there!)
- ↑ See Bindergasse 2, Max.Str. 1 u. 3 in Götzger, 1969. p. 54. Also Fig. 16 T12
- ↑ See 5 in Götzger, 1969. p. 54
- ↑ See 5 in Götzger, 1969. p. 55. Fig. Of the bay window T74 / 129. Also at house number 7.
- ↑ See on Salzgasse 1, Max.Str. 7 in Götzger, 1969. p. 56
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 56
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. P. 57 and 58. Fig. 12.
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. P. 57 and 59 u. 62/63. Fig. 12.
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 65. Fig. 8.
- ↑ Götzger, 1969. pp. 20f
- ↑ See the first in Götzger, 1969. pp. 66–69. There the ongoing renovations and alterations are mentioned. The installation of the city archive (Reichsstädtische Bibliothek) on the ground floor by Thiersch from 1885/87 and 1951 should be emphasized .
- ↑ Werner Dobras: On the painting of the Lindau Old Town Hall. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 93rd year 1975, pp. 115–118 (as digital copy)
- ↑ See Spuler / Dobras, 1984 , p. 36
- ↑ See no. 2 to 16 in Götzger, 1969. P. 70 u. 71
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. P. 62/63, Grundrisse
- ↑ For the name, compare the ensemble description of the monastery district and its market in the list of monuments.
- ↑ See for No. 2 to No. 8 in Götzger, 1969. p. 45
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 47
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 46 and 47
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 44.
- ↑ See from Bü.gasse 3 to here at Götzger, 1969. p. 41
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 40
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. pp. 37–40
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 36, fig. 101, 218, 219.
- ↑ See Götzger, 1969. p. 36 and 39
- ↑ Konrad Bedal describes the alignment of the gable to the street with the gable / eaves position in the by. Cities of the late Middle Ages and the resulting typical images of streets. In: town houses (late Middle Ages) ; Article in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns , published on July 18, 2011
Coordinates: 47 ° 32 ′ 46.4 " N , 9 ° 40 ′ 59.7" E