Maximowicz's spruce
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Branches of Maximowicz's spruce ( Picea maximowiczii ) |
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Maximowicz's spruce ( Picea maximowiczii ) is a species from the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to the Japanese island of Honshu .
description
Maximowicz's spruce grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 30 meters and diameters of up to 1 meter at chest height . The gray-brown bark is cracked and flakes off in thick scales. The pale grayish brown, grooved branch bark is hairless.
The dark green needles are on 0.2 to 0.3 millimeter long pulvini . The leathery needles are linear to square shaped with a length of 1 to 2 centimeters and a width of about 0.1 centimeter. Its tip is pointed. There is an ostomy groove on both sides of the needle . Each needle has two resin channels.
Maximowicz's spruce is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and the flowering period extends from May to June. The pale brown male cones stand in groups of two to three and are cylindrical in shape. The hanging cones are elongated to elongated-cylindrical in shape with a length of 4 to 7 centimeters and a thickness of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. They turn brown as they ripen in October. The thin, woody seed scales are spherical to obovate and are 0.7 to 1.3 inches long and just as wide. Their base tapers in a wedge shape. The elongated, pointed cone scales are about 0.3 centimeters in size. The gray-brown, obovate seeds are about 4 millimeters long and about 2 millimeters wide. They have an obovate, light brown wing which is 6 to 8 millimeters long and 3 to 4 millimeters wide.
Distribution and location
The natural, rugged distribution area of Maximowicz's spruce is located in Japan in central Honshū . It includes the Chichibu Mountains , the Yatsugatake mountain range and the Fuji and Senjogatake mountains .
Maximowicz's spruce thrives at altitudes of 1100 to 2000 meters. The species grows mainly in mountain forests, often together with the hedgehog juniper ( Juniperus rigida ) and the Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ).
Both varieties of the species are classified as "endangered" in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary. The previous overexploitation of forests and habitat destruction together with a low rate of regeneration are named as the main reasons for endangerment.
use
Maximowicz's spruce is planted in Japan as an ornamental wood, especially in temples.
Systematics
Picea maximowiczii is assigned to the subgenus Picea , the section Picea , the subsection Picea and the series Politae within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
The first description as Picea maximowiczii was in 1880 by Maxwell Tylden Masters in The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series , volume 13, page 363. He attributed the name to Eduard August von Regel . The specific epithet maximowiczii honors the German-Russian botanist Karl Johann Maximowicz .
The species is divided into up to two varieties :
- Picea maximowiczii var. Maximowiczii (Syn .: Picea tschonoskii Mayr ) is the nominate form : It occurs on Fuji-san .
- Picea maximowiczii var. Senanensis Hayashi (Syn .: Picea maximowiczii subsp. Senanensis (Hayashi) Silba ): It occurs in the Yatsugadake mountain range .
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea maximowiczii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 27, 2012, accessed on May 25, 2013 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Christopher J. Earle: Picea maximowiczii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 27, 2012, accessed on May 25, 2013 (English).
- ↑ a b Picea maximowiczii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b Picea maximowiczii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Picea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
