Master of the Erasmusmarter

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Master of the Erasmusmarter: The torture of St. Erasmus (lower third of the total picture), 1516, Aschaffenburg, Staatsgalerie

The Master of the Erasmus Marters or Master of the Erasmus Marters was a German painter who probably worked in the Halle area at the beginning of the 16th century . The artist, who is not known by name, received his emergency name from his picture, which was in the State Gallery in Aschaffenburg and dated 1516, depicting the torture of St. Erasmus.

Identification and work

Nothing is known about the origin and training of the Erasmusmarter master. He received his emergency name from Max J. Friedländer and Jakob Rosenberg , after a panel with the torture of St. Erasmus (linden wood, 97.2 × 80.2 cm), which is now in the Aschaffenburg State Gallery in Johannisburg Castle (Inv.-No . 6275) is located. Previously, this picture had been assigned to a group of pictures by art research known as the pseudo-Grünewald group. Some of these paintings, probably by different artists, were traditionally considered works by Matthias Grünewald , before Eduard Flechsig saw them as works from the workshop of Lucas Cranach the Elder. Ä. published and suggested as possible pictures of his eldest son Hans , whose date of birth (around 1513/14), however, completely excludes participation in these pictures.

Around 1516 the unknown painter worked for the Archbishop of Mainz, Albrecht von Brandenburg (1490–1545), and on his behalf painted the panel with the torture of St. Erasmus , which was probably exhibited in the south aisle of the New Collegiate Church in Halle . The plaque is dated under the Albrecht coat of arms above with the year 1516. Albrecht's coat of arms was subsequently extended (after his cardinal consecration in 1518) to include a cardinal's hat. A symbol interpreted as a monogram in the door reveal at the top right is mostly read as HS in the literature , whereby the letter S is connected to a symbol identified as a cross. This interpretation is described in the Aschaffenburg catalog of 1975 as very dubious , not least because it is introduced into the door jamb with a distorted perspective. The monogram - if it is to be regarded as such - shows some resemblance to the monogram of an unknown woodcut master who, after his signature, was given the emergency name Monogrammist HS . This monogram is tentatively associated with the painter and book illustrator Henricus Satrapitanus , who in turn was often referred to as Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder (among others by Max Geisberg at an early age ) . Ä. is identified. According to Friedlaender and Rosenberg, the definitive attribution of the Erasmusmarter table to the monogrammist HS or Heinrich Vogtherr d. Ä. however, it is questionable because the woodcuts of one of them differ stylistically too much from the painting. Frank Muller and Thomas Schauerte almost certainly wrote the picture to Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder. Ä. to. Ludwig Meyer from the Archive for Art History, however, refuses to identify with Vogtherr, u. a. from style-critical comparisons with a Vogtherr tablet that was only rediscovered in 2008 and that was still unknown to older research.

What remains is the dependence of the picture on Lucas Cranach. Stylistically, the Erasmusmarter panel is related to the picture he had taken shortly before with the depiction of the Bethlehemite child murder of around 1515, which is now owned by the Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (linden wood, 122.5-86.5 cm; inv.no.1906 C ) is located. The Erasmusmarter master is presumably a student of Cranach who carried out the work on the picture based on a design by his master.

Closely related in style and also to Vogtherr d. Ä. The painting with Christ and the Adulteress in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne (wood, 113.5 × 92 cm, inv. no Halle collegiate church was built. The similarities between this painting and the Erasmusmarter concern the conception of architecture, the costume design and the positioning and execution of the back figures at the bottom of the picture. That work not discussed by Friedländer / Rosenberg is unanimously attributed to the same hand by recent research.

The master of the Erasmusmarter is not identical to the Cologne master of 1458, who is also sometimes used under this emergency name .

literature

  • Max J. Friedländer , Jakob Rosenberg : The paintings by Lucas Cranach. 1st edition, Berlin 1932.
  • Master of the Erasmus torture . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 37 : Master with emergency names and monogramists . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1950, p. 92 .
  • Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen (Ed.): Galerie Aschaffenburg. Catalog. Munich 1975.
  • Max J. Friedländer, Jakob Rosenberg: The paintings by Lucas Cranach. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1979.
  • Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr alias Satrapitanus, alias the Master with the Cross. In: Print Quaterly. 4, 1987, pp. 274-282.
  • Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder (1490–1556). Aspects of his life and work. In: Yearbook of the historical association Dillingen an der Donau. 92, 1990, pp. 173-274.
  • Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr l'Ancien - Un artiste entre Renaissance et Réforme. Wiesbaden 1997
  • Thomas Schauerte (Ed.): The Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg - Renaissance Prince and Patron , Regensburg 2006, Volume 1 (catalog volume), p. 157ff.
  • Ludwig Meyer: Heinrich Vogtherr d. Ä. - as a painter. In: T. Bataille de Stappens de Nieuwenhove (Ed.): A lost masterpiece from 1518 has emerged. Herne (Belgium) 2008.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max J. Friedländer, Jakob Rosenberg, The paintings of Lucas Cranach. Berlin 1931, p. 96 (357) or Stuttgart 1979, p. 160 (SUP 5).
  2. ^ Eduard Flechsig : Cranach Studies. Volume 1, Hiersemann, Leipzig 1900, p. 92 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Eduard Flechsig assumed a much earlier date of birth; compare: Max J. Friedländer : Cranach, Hans . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 8 : Coutan-Delattre . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1912, p. 55 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ^ Gisela Goldberg in: Aschaffenburg Gallery. Catalog, Munich 1975, p. 50 f.
  5. ↑ a b c d Thomas Schauerte (ed.): The Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg - Renaissance prince and patron. Regensburg 2006, Volume 1, p. 157 ff. No. 72.
  6. ^ Gisela Goldberg in: Aschaffenburg Gallery. Catalog, Munich 1975, p. 60.
  7. ↑ Max J. Friedlaender, Jakob Rosenberg: The paintings by Lucas Cranach. Stuttgart 1979, p. 160 (SUP 5).
  8. ^ Frank Muller: Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder (1490-1556). Aspects of his life and work , In: Yearbook of the historical association Dillingen an der Donau. 92, 1990, pp. 173-274, here p. 178.
  9. ↑ Ludwig Meyer: Heinrich Vogtherr d. Ä. - as a painter. In: T. Bataille de Stappens de Nieuwenhove (Ed.): A lost masterpiece from 1518 has emerged. Herne (Belgium) 2008.
  10. ^ Gisela Goldberg in: Aschaffenburg Gallery. Catalog, Munich 1975, p. 61.
  11. ↑ Harald Marx, Ingrid Mössinger (ed.): Cranach. Cologne 2005, p. 287 Fig. 129;
personal data
SURNAME Master of the Erasmusmarter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Master of the Erasmus torture
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH 16th Century