Fanny Bullock Workman
Fanny Bullock Workman (* 8. January 1859 in Worcester , Massachusetts ; † 22. January 1925 in Cannes , France ) was an American geographer , cartographer , writer and the first mountaineer who in the 19th century peak in the high mountains in the Himalayas ascended . She was a committed women's rights activist and for a long time held the height record in mountaineering for women. She carried out her travels and expeditions together with her husband William Hunter Workman .
Life
Fanny Bullock Workman's mother was Elvira Hazard Bullock and her maternal grandfather was Augustus George Hazard, a trader. Her father, Alexander Hamilton Bullock, was governor of Massachusetts and she was educated in the United States at Miss Graham's Finishing School in New York City and at schools in Paris and Dresden . She went to schools in France and Germany at the age of 17. In 1881, Fanny Bullock married William Hunter Workman, a doctor, mountaineer, and explorer . With him she had a daughter named Rachel, who also worked as a geologist. When he fell ill, they moved to Germany. From there they made trips to Holland, France and Switzerland. They went on a bike trip to Spain and Morocco that lasted a year. The bike tour across Spain and Morocco extended over the Atlas and through the Sahara for a total of 4,500 km. The couple also published a book in German in 1897 with a Swabian publisher: A bike tour through today's Spain.
They continued to cycle through Palestine, Syria and Turkey and the Far East to study the architecture of the Buddhists and the Hindus , to learn and write about these languages. In 1899 they first saw the Himalayas in India . They had covered 22,500 km on their 10-year bike journey and carried out their first expedition to the Himalayas from India.
During her stay of 14 years in the Himalayas, Fanny Wordamn mapped an area of 400 km², hiked a distance of 6,500 km over ice and snow, climbed 20 mountains over 4,850 meters in altitude and set a height record for women of 6,400 m. On two of her Himalayan expeditions, she was accompanied by her husband, the Swiss mountaineer Matthias Zurbriggen .
Both workmans were members of the British Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and received ten Medals of Honor from European Geological Institutes. As a writer, she not only described her voyages of discovery with her husband, but also wrote her own skits that have been published. She was the first woman to give lectures at the Sorbonne University in Paris. She campaigned for higher educational opportunities for women and for equal rights for women in mountaineering. She also dealt with women-friendly clothing for mountaineering.
After 1917 the Workmans moved to the south of France, where Fanny died in Cannes in 1925.
Rockclimbing
Fanny Bullock Workman's altitude record was based on the successful ascent of Pinnacle Peak in 1906 with a peak altitude of 6930 m with her husband and Matthias Zurbriggen in Jammu & Kashmir , a mountaintop of Nun-Kun Massif in the western Himalayas of India . With her record for climbing Pinnacle Peak, Fanny Workman was in competition with the American mountaineer Annie Smith Peck , who was the first person to climb the Peruvian Huascarán in 1908 . The altitude calculated by Peck at 7,300 m later turned out to be incorrect, as it offset itself by around 600 meters due to a snow storm.
In 1898 the couple carried out an expedition to the Spantik region of the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir on the south side of the Chogolungma glacier .
In 1902 Fanny Bullock Workman was a founding member of the American Alpine Club .
In 1906 Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband William tried to climb Spantik , also known as Golden Peak . The 7027 m high mountain is located in the western Karakoram in today's Pakistan . They named this mountain Pyramid Peak because of its shape and missed the summit by 300 meters. A German mountaineering team did not succeed in climbing this mountain for the first time until 1955.
She was the first woman to stand on the summit of the 6400 m high Mount Koser Gunge , which the famous mountaineer Matthias Zurbriggen commented as follows: “... I am convinced that a good mountaineer can reach far greater heights, and I have only one hope that they will choose me as their leader. "
In 1908, the Workman couple reached the English called Snow Lake ( Lukpe Lawo ) near the Hispar La and they speculated whether the Snow Lake (a glacier basin) , which is 4877 m above sea level, and the other glacier masses in this area were as powerful as them Ice caps of the polar regions are said to flow in all directions.
In 1912 she was the first woman to come from the west to set foot on the Siachen Glacier , which is 6400 m high , after she had already carried out six expeditions in the Himalayas. Together with her husband she discovered Indira Col (east) not far from the Siachen Glacier .
plant
Voyages of discovery
Together with her husband she wrote the following works:
- Algerian Memories: A Bicycle Tour over the Atlas to the Sahara. Fisher Unwin, London 1895.
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Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia. Putnam's sons, New York and London 1897.
- A bike tour through today's Spain. Travel sketches. Ms. Mürdter, Backnang 1897.
- In the Ice world of Himálaya, Among the Peaks and Passes of Ladakh, Nubra, Suru, and Baltistan. Fisher Unwin, London 1900.
- Through Town and Jungle: Fourteen Thousand Miles A-Wheel Among the Temples and People of the Indian Plain. Charles Scribner's Sons , New York 1904.
- Ice-Bound Heights of the Mustagh: An account of two seasons of pioneer exploration and high climbing in the Baltistan Himalaya . Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908.
- The Call of the Snowy Hispar: A Narrative of Exploration and Mountaineering on the Northern Frontier of India. Constable and Co. London 1911 Google Online Books .
- Peaks and Glaciers of Nun Kun: A Record of Pioneer-Exploration and Mountaineering in the Punjab Himalaya. Constable and Co., London 1909.
- Two summers in the ice-wilds of eastern Karakoram. the exploration of nineteen hundred square miles of mountain and glacier. EP Dutton & company, New York 1916. Available at www.archive.org
literature
- David Mazel (1994): Mountaineering Woman. Sories by Early Woman Climbers. ISBN 0-89096-616-8 (English)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information collected on bookrags.com , accessed 27 December 2009
- ↑ a b c Elders of the Tribes: Funny Bullock Workman by Dana Francis on Backpacker on p. 39 ff.
- ^ Workman on jstor.org , accessed December 27, 2009
- ↑ Information on womenshistory.com ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 27, 2009
- ↑ information from bookrags.com , accessed 27 December 2009
- ↑ a b Portrait of Zurbriggen on emmet.de ( memento of the original from January 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fanny Bullock Workman on etrc.lib.umn.edu ( Memento from August 31, 2000 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Jill Neate: High Asia: An Illustrated History of the 7000 Meter Peaks , The Mountaineers, 1989, ISBN 0-89886-238-8
- ^ Expedition in 1898 at blankonthemap.free.fr , accessed on December 27, 2009
- ^ History of The American Alpine Club. (No longer available online.) American Alpine Club, archived from the original on October 28, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Expedition in 1908 at blankonthemap.free.fr , accessed on December 27, 2009
- ↑ Information on passionfruit.com ( Memento from May 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Expedition in 1912 on blankonthemap.free.fr , accessed on December 27, 2009
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Workman, Fanny Bullock |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American mountaineer, author, suffragette |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 8, 1859 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Worcester , Massachusetts |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 22, 1925 |
| Place of death | Cannes , France |