Metaphilosophy

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Metaphilosophy (from ancient Greek μετά + φιλοσοφία the philosophy below or to the philosophy referring ) referred to research programs that examine the conditions and the nature of philosophical concepts, problems and attempted solutions.

General

Since the middle of the 20th century, approaches to a scientific or metatheory of philosophy have been discussed under the name “metaphilosophy” that were previously only considered within delimited subject areas of philosophy. The emergence of metaphilosophy as a discipline can be understood as a reaction to contemporary metaphysics criticism and sociology of knowledge . Metaphilosophical arguments have been used in all philosophical currents since then. However, they are a stylistic feature of representatives of the philosophical “ postmodernism ”.

The systematic questions of metaphilosophy include a .:

  • Does philosophy have a specific subject area that can be distinguished from the areas of the individual sciences?
  • Is Philosophy a Science ?
  • What is the task of philosophy?
  • What kind of language does philosophy speak or should it speak?
  • Does philosophy have one or more epistemological methods that are specific to it?
  • Is there a framework theory for all individual philosophical investigations?

There have been various attempts to clearly define conceptual analysis , the transcendental argument , thought experiment or intuition as philosophical methods or to integrate traditionally unusual quantitative and empirical methods into philosophy or to claim them as fundamental methodologies. These methodological debates remain controversial.

In metaphilosophical debates z. B. Naturalism , Pragmatism or Critical Rationalism . It is a partial task of metaphilosophy to detach such framework theories from historical statements, to clearly delimit them from one another and to compare their expected return.

Since the systematic discussion of these questions is still relatively young in some cases, there have so far hardly been any generally used terms for individual sub-areas of metaphilosophy, with the exception of those that refer to the established classification of the philosophical disciplines: metaethics ; Metaontology and Metametaphysics .

See also

literature

  • Henri Lefèbvre : Métaphilosophie. Prolegomenes , Paris 1965, German: Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / M. 1974.
  • David John Chalmers , David Manley, Ryan Wasserman ( eds .): Metametaphysics , new essays on the foundations of ontology, Oxford University Press US, Oxford 2009, ISBN 0199546002 .
  • Jocelyne Couture / Kai Nielsen (eds.): Méta philosophy . Reconstructing philosophy? New essays on metaphilosphy, The University of Calgary Press, Calgary 1993, ISBN 0919491197 .
  • Anton Hügli , Curzio Chiesa (ed.): What is philosophy? , Studia Philosophica [Basel] 66 (2007)
  • Nicholas Rescher : Studies in Metaphilosophy , ontos, Heusenstamm 2006, ISBN 3-938793-04-X .
  • Ders .: Philosophical Reasoning . A Study in the Method of Philosophizing, Blackwell, Oxford 2001.
  • Timothy Williamson : The Philosophy of Philosophy , Blackwell, Oxford 2007.
  • Søren Overgaard, Paul Gilbert, Stephen Burwood (eds.): An Introduction to Metaphilosophy , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 2013.

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