List of musical performance titles
Musical performance designations are textual additions to the notation that cannot be represented or described with the notation alone. They can apply to the singing voice or an instrument. Most of them are in Italian . (Common abbreviations are given in brackets.)
list
Presentation designation | Explanation | language |
---|---|---|
a, ad, alla | by kind of, in style | Latin / Italian |
abbandonandosi | emotional, devoted | Italian |
abbandono | subsiding | Italian |
ab initio | repeat from the beginning | Latin |
a capriccio | in free, arbitrary time | Italian |
accelerando (acc. / accel.) | accelerate, gradually getting faster | Italian |
accentato | accentuated, emphasized | Italian |
ad | → a | Latin |
adagio | slowly, calmly, leisurely | Italian |
addolorato | painful | Italian |
ad libitum (ad lib.) | at will; Concerning lecture, tempo or cast | Latin |
a due, a 2 | for two | Italian |
affettuoso | moved, moved, passionate, with sensation | Italian |
affrettando | faster, hurrying | Italian |
agile, agile | lively, nimble, agile, lively | Italian |
agitato | moved, impulsive, excited, restless, impetuous | Italian |
al | to | Italian |
al fine | until the end | Italian |
all'ottava | an octave higher than noted | Italian |
alla | → a | Italian |
alla breve | Measure in half notes | Italian |
alla marcia | in the manner of a march | Italian |
alla polacca | Character, tempo and rhythm of a polonaise | Italian |
allargando (allarg.) | widening in pace; see: largando | Italian |
alla tedesca | in the style of the waltz (of the German dance) | Italian |
alla turca | the Turkish way, in the style of Turkish music | Italian |
alla zingarese | in the style of gypsy music | Italian |
allegretto | a little slower than allegro (literally: a little lively, happy) | Italian |
allegro | fast (literally: lively, brisk, funny, happy, cheerful, lively) | Italian |
al niente | to the point of silence | Italian |
amabile | lovely | Italian |
amore | Devotion | Italian / Latin |
amoroso, con amore | loving, tender | Italian |
andante | walking, striding, calm | Italian |
andantino | a little faster than Andante | Italian |
animato, con anima | animates, animates | Italian |
animoso | courageously | Italian |
a piacere , a piacimento | freely in the lecture, as you please, as you wish | Italian |
appassionato | passionate, expressive | Italian |
a quattro mani | four hands | Italian |
arco, coll'arco | Bow (for string instruments: to play with the bow) | Italian |
arioso | singable, singable, song-like | Italian |
armonioso | harmonious | Italian |
arpeggio | play a broken chord | Italian |
assai | very | Italian |
a tempo | in the original timeframe | Italian |
attacca | immediately continue without a break in the following part | Italian |
bassa ottava | an octave lower than noted | Italian |
see you, due volte | twice | Latin (bis), Italian (due volte) |
bravura, con bravura | with boldness, virtuosity | Italian |
brilliant | brilliant, witty, virtuoso | Italian |
buffo | funny | Italian |
burlesco | joking | Italian |
c., col, col ', colla, con | With | Italian |
calando, calmando (cal.) | calming, decreasing in tone and speed | Italian |
calmo | calm, serene | Italian |
cantabile | singing, expressive | Italian |
capriccioso | capricious, headstrong | Italian |
col, col ' | → c. | Italian |
col'ottava | with octave doubling | Italian |
colla | → c. | Italian |
colla parte (cp) | the accompaniment adapts | Italian |
col legno | the strings are bowed or struck with the bow stick (literally: "with the wood") | Italian |
commodo | comfortable / at a comfortable pace, leisurely, leisurely | Italian |
con | → c. | Italian |
con affetto | with emotion | Italian |
con amore | → amoroso | Italian |
con anima | → animato | Italian |
con bravura | → bravura | Italian |
con brio | with verve, verve | Italian |
con calore | with warmth | Italian |
concitato | excited | Italian |
con dolcezza | with lovely lecture | Italian |
con dolore, dolendo | with pain, filled with pain | Italian |
con durezza | with hardship | Italian |
con ebollizione | in turmoil | Italian |
con espressione, espressivo (con espr. / espr.) | expressive | Italian |
con fermezza | with strength | Italian |
con forza | with power | Italian |
con fuoco, fuoco, fuocoso | with fire, fiery | Italian |
con furore, furioso | wild, furious, stormy | Italian |
con grandezza, grandioso | great, magnificent, sublime | Italian |
con grazia, grazioso | with grace, amiable, slightly elated | Italian |
con indifferenza | with indifference | Italian |
con moto | with movement, moved | Italian |
con pitate | adjust with lead voice | Italian |
con repetizione (con rep.) | with repetition | Italian |
con sentimento | with feeling | Italian |
con slancio | with verve | Italian |
con sordino (c. sord. / con sord.) | with damper | Italian |
con spirito, spirituoso | animated, fiery, enthusiastic | Italian |
con tenerezza | with warmth, tenderness | Italian |
corda | string | Italian |
crescendo (cresc.) | getting louder | Italian |
da capo (dc) | Repeat from the beginning | Italian |
dal segno (ds) | Repetition from the marked point | Italian |
deciso | (rhythmically) decided, determined | Italian |
declamando | pathetic, strongly expressive | Italian |
decrescendo (decresc.) | getting quieter | Italian |
delicatamente | fine, tender | Italian |
delicato | tender, tasty | Italian |
desolato | bleak, desperate, deeply saddened | Italian |
determinato | determined, determined | Italian |
diminuendo (dim.) | diminishing, decreasing tone strength | Italian |
divisi (div.) | divided, polyphonic | Italian |
divoto | devout, devoted | Italian |
dolce | "Sweet", gentle, tender, lovely | Italian |
dolcissimo | extraordinarily gentle, tender | Italian |
dolendo | → con dolore | Italian |
doloroso | painful | Italian |
drammatico | dramatic | Italian |
due volte | → until | Italian |
egualmente | balanced | Italian |
elegant | tasty, fine | Italian |
en pressant | press, light stretto, push | French |
energico | emphatic, energetic, determined | Italian |
eroico | heroic | Italian |
espressivo (espr.) | → con espressione | Italian |
facile | simple, plain | Italian / French |
feroce | wild, impetuous | Italian |
festivo | festive | Italian |
fine | The End | Italian |
flautando , flautato, sul tasto, sulla tastiera, sur la touche | on the fingerboard (literally "flute-like") | Italian / French |
flebile | wistful, plaintive | Italian |
fluente | fluently | Italian |
forte ( ) | according to | Italian |
fortepiano ( ) | loud, then suddenly quiet | Italian |
fortissimo ( ) | very loud | Italian |
forzando, forzato ( ) | strongly emphasized | Italian |
forzatissimo | extremely strongly emphasized | Italian |
frenetico | stormy, roaring, frenetic | Italian |
fresco | fresh, lively | Italian |
frivolous | frivolously | Italian |
funebre | grieving, sad | Italian |
fuoco, fuocoso | → con fuoco | Italian |
furioso | → con furore | Italian |
giocoso | prancing, playing; funny, happy, exuberant | Italian |
giusto | right, appropriate | Italian |
glissando (gliss.) | sliding | Italian |
terrific | → con grandezza | Italian |
grave | heavy; serious | Italian / French |
grazioso | → con grazia | Italian |
gridato | screamed | Italian |
impetuoso | impetuous | Italian |
incalzando | urging | Italian |
indeciso | indefinite | Italian |
infernal | devilish, hellish | Italian |
innocente | simple, naive, unaffected | Italian |
lacrimoso, lamentoso | plaintive, sad | Italian |
languendo, languente, languido | languishing, longing, also: dull, weak | Italian |
largaments | wide | Italian |
largando, slargando | widening | Italian |
larghetto | a little faster than largo | Italian |
largo | wide, slowly | Italian |
legato (leg.) | bound | Italian |
leggiero (legg.) | easy, playful | Italian |
lentando | dragging | Italian |
lento | slowly | Italian |
l'istesso tempo | → a tempo | Italian |
libero | free | Italian |
loco | cancels octave signs (literally "at the place") | Italian |
lontano | away | Italian |
lugubre | plaintive, grieving | Italian |
lusingando | flattering, gliding, tender, playful | Italian |
ma | but | Italian |
macabro | horrible | Italian |
maestoso | majestic | Italian |
main droite (m. d.) | right hand | French |
main gauche (m. g.) | left hand | French |
mano destra (m. d.) | right hand | Italian |
mano sinistra (m. s.) | left hand | Italian |
marcato (marc.) | highlighted | Italian |
marciale | → alla marcia | Italian |
martellato, martello | hammered | Italian |
marziale | martial, warlike | Italian |
meno | fewer | Italian |
mesto | sad, sad, serious | Italian |
mezza voce | in half a voice | Italian |
mezzo ... (m ...) | medium… | Italian |
misterioso | mysterious | Italian |
moderato | moderate | Italian |
molto | a lot | Italian |
morendo (mor.) | dying, dying | Italian |
mormorendo | mumbling | Italian |
mosso | emotional | Italian |
moto | Move | Italian |
muta | Retune or change the instrument (literally: "change") | Latin |
non | Not | Italian / Latin / French |
non legato | between legato and staccato | Italian |
obbligato, obligatory | mandatory, vote must be performed (opposite to ad libitum ) | Italian (obbligato), Latin (obligatory) |
ondeggiante | billowing, swelling | Italian |
ossia | Game alternative, mostly simplification | Italian |
ostinato | persistent | Italian |
parlando, parlante | speaking | Italian (parlando), French (parlante) |
passionato | passionate | Italian |
patetico | pathetic | Italian |
pensieroso | thoughtful | Italian |
perdendo, perdendosi | losing, fading away | Italian |
pesante | massive, heavy | Italian / French |
piacevole | enjoyable | Italian |
piangendo | with tears, pityingly, melancholy | Italian |
pianissimo ( ) | very quiet | Italian |
piano ( ) | softly, gently | Italian |
piano pianissimo ( ) | very very quiet | Italian |
piano possibile | as quietly as possible | Italian |
pieno | full, with a strong, full tone | Italian |
pietoso | compassionate | Italian |
più | more | Italian |
pizzicato (pizz.) | plucked (for string instruments: play with your fingers) | Italian |
placido | calm, serene, quiet; compliant | Italian |
poco | something | Italian |
poco a poco | bit by bit | Italian |
pointes | tipped, slight, subtle staccato, tap | French |
pomposo | pompous, magnificent | Italian |
ponderoso | emphatically, with weight | Italian |
portato | carried | Italian |
possibile | if possible | Italian |
prestissimo | extremely fast | Italian |
presto | very fast | Italian |
presto possibile | as quickly as possible | Italian |
great volta | at the first time | Italian |
so to say | almost, as it were, how | Italian |
quieto | calm | Italian |
rallentando (rall.) | widening, slowing down | Italian |
rapidaments | quickly | Italian |
recitativo (recit.) | narrating, oratory | Italian |
religioso | devoutly | Italian |
replica | Repetition | Italian |
rinforzando, rinforzato ( , , ) | getting stronger again or with an initially slightly increasing emphasis | Italian |
risoluto | determined | Italian |
ritardando (rit., ritard.) | Slowing down the pace | Italian |
ritenuto (rit., riten.) | held back in pace | Italian |
rubato | free in the lecture | Italian |
rustico | rural, rural | Italian |
ruvido | rough | Italian |
scemando | dwindling, waning | Italian |
scherzando | joking | Italian |
segue | continue, turn (next page) | Italian |
semplice | easy | Italian |
semper | always | Italian |
senza | without | Italian |
senza repetizione, senza replica (senza rep.) | without repetition | Italian |
senza sordino (senza sord.) | without damper | Italian |
senza tempo | free pace | Italian |
sereno | bright | Italian |
serioso | serious, worthy | Italian |
sforzato , sforzando ( , , ) | with sudden emphasis | Italian |
simile (sim.) | continue in style | Italian |
slargando | → largando | Italian |
slentando | slowing down, hesitating, dying out | Italian |
smorendo, smorzando (smorz.) | going out, dampening | Italian |
solenne | solemnly | Italian |
solo | alone, as opposed to tutti | Italian |
sonorous | sounding full | Italian |
sopra | above, above | Italian |
sostenuto (sost.) | held | Italian |
sotto | below | Italian |
sotto voce | under the voice, that is, whispered or voiceless | Italian |
spiccato | clearly set off, clearly articulated | Italian |
spirituoso | → con spirito | Italian |
staccatissimo | especially short | Italian |
staccato (stacc.) | short | Italian |
stentando, stentato | drag (d), hesitate (d) | Italian |
stretto | urging at the end | Italian |
stringendo (string.) | hurrying; accelerating | Italian |
subito | suddenly | Italian |
sul, sulla | on, over | Italian |
sul ponticello (sul pont.) | at the jetty | Italian |
sul tasto , sulla tastiera | → flautando | Italian |
superficialmente | superficial, smearing | Italian |
sur la touch | → flautando | French |
tacet | is silent | Latin |
tanto | a lot | Italian |
tempestoso | stormy, impetuous | Italian |
tempo primo | at the previous pace; see also a tempo | Italian |
teneraments | tender | Italian |
tenuto (ten.) | held | Italian |
tranquille, tranquillo | calm | French (tranquille), Italian (tranquillo) |
trattenuto (tratt.) | roughly equivalent to ritardando, but a little broader in the sense of sostenuto |
Italian |
tremolo | trembling | Italian |
sad | Sad | Italian / French |
troppo | too much, too much | Italian |
tutti | all, whole; Unlike solo | Italian |
uguale | equal | Italian |
una corda | with one string (is effected by the left pedal on a grand piano .) | Italian |
unisono (unis.) | sounding the same (several voices, which can also move in different octaves, play the same thing.) | Italian |
un poco | a little | Italian |
fast | nimble, nimble | Italian |
vibrato | trembling, vibrating | Italian |
vide, vi - de | Identification of a jump in the musical text | Italian |
vigoroso | lively, powerful | Italian |
vivace, vivo | lively | Italian |
vivacissimo | very lively | Italian |
voce | voice | Italian |
volti | Turn (the sheet of music) over | Italian |
volti subito | Immediately turn over (the sheet of music) | Italian |
See also
Web links
- List of other lecture titles on operone.de
- The historical music lexicon from musikwissenschaften.de
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d e f Only together with other information
- ↑ The associated tempo is typically between Adagio and Andante.
- ↑ Example: "Da Capo al Fine" means "from the beginning to the point where 'Fine' is written."
- ↑ Example: Rondo in the Triple Concerto op.56 by Ludwig van Beethoven
- ↑ Pronunciation: [ kreʃɛndo ] (not [ krestʃɛndo ])
- ↑ Pronunciation: [ dekreʃɛndo ] (not [ dekrestʃɛndo ])
- ↑ Example: "ma non troppo" means "but not too much"
- ↑ Pronunciation: to be stressed on the second syllable and with a voiceless S.
- ↑ Pronunciation: [ skert͡sando ]
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 192-194 .
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 165 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 196-198 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 200 f .
- ↑ a b c d e f Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 198 f .
- ↑ a b Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 200 .
- ↑ a b c Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 203 .
- ↑ Musiklexikon - performance mark . In: operone.de . Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 207 .
- ↑ a b Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 209 .
- ↑ a b Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 210 f .
- ↑ a b c d e Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 212 .
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 213 .
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 214 .
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 215 .
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 216 .
- ↑ a b c Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control . 1st edition. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag / B. Schott's Sons, Munich / Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 217 .