Michael Bernhard Valentini
Michael Bernhard Valentini (born November 26, 1657 in Gießen ; † March 18, 1729 ibid) was a German doctor and naturalist.
Life
Valentini was the son of Johann Justus Velten (1625–1689) and his wife Marie, b. Will was born in Gießen, a university town of around 5000 inhabitants that belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt . His father, who came from nearby Grossen-Linden, had his name Latinized. Michael Bernhard, born as the eldest of two sons, attended the Gießen Pedagogy from 1669 to 1675, then the university, where he took the usual training path and initially studied history, logic, metaphysics and mathematics at the philosophical faculty. In 1676 he defended a logical-metaphysical disputation under the theologian Kilian Rudrauff (1627–1690). Also worth mentioning is the Compendium Physicum, a lecture in natural philosophy given by Lorenz Strauss at the Philosophical Faculty. After studying medicine with the aforementioned Strauss, with Michael Heiland and the then associate professor Ludwig Christian Tackius (1655–1718), Valentini was licentiate in medicine in 1680 with the work De convulsionibus . As a result, he initially worked as a general practitioner in the County of Leiningen-Hardenburg, before practicing as a second garrison medic under Johann Daniel Widt in Philippsburg . From 1682, back in Giessen, he ran a large practice and wrote the Epistolica de nova matricis et morbonae muliebris anatome , addressed to Widt , which made him a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 1683 . A scientific journey that took him to France, Holland and England broadened his horizons. In 1686 he obtained his doctorate in Giessen, and one year later he took over the chair of physics. Thanks to his contacts to the Musschenbroeks workshop in Leiden , he was able to buy physical instruments, in particular an Antlia pneumatica (= air pump ), and establish experimental physics at the University of Gießen, which is now the third German university to have the "new physics" in its curriculum after Altdorf and Marburg offered.
In 1697 Valentini moved to a chair in medicine. In 1720 he was given the “Seniorat” and “Economics Inspectorate” of the university. In 1728 he was appointed imperial body medicine. From 1683 he belonged to the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , founded in 1652 , to whose establishment he made important contributions. In 1704 he became a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences and on November 10, 1715 a member of the Royal Society in London.
Valentini was in contact with numerous scholars in Europe and the Far East. Not only did he accumulate a wealth of information, but he also built an extensive collection. His work “Museum Museorum”, published at the beginning of the 18th century, is still a treasure trove for information on Materia Medica from all over the world, as well as on the importance and method of collecting and on the most important collections of his time. The third part presents numerous apparatuses and instruments from Musschenbroek. In addition to almost a hundred articles for the Miscellanea curiosa medico-physica published by the Academia Naturae Curiosorum and numerous small papers, disputations and university speeches, Valentini published several important medical textbooks, such as his Medicina nov-antiqua , which was first greatly expanded in 1698 and second in 1713 and a 750-page edition was published in Frankfurt am Main. With well over a thousand pages, the first edition of the practice medicinae infallibilis , published in 1711 and the second edition in 1721, is even more extensive . His Amphitheatrum zootomicum, first edition published in 1720 (2nd edition 1742), is also worth mentioning . The book shows images of domestic and exotic animals on 105 panels: The impressive collection does not reveal any explicit classification criteria, but seems to serve to safeguard and preserve traditional knowledge.
Works (selection)
- 1680: Microcosmi tortura medica convulsio quam pro licentia summos in arte medica honores immunitates et privilegia doctoralia jure meritove indipiscendi solenni patrum academiae conscriptorum examini sistit Michael Bernhard Valentin, Giessanus. Giessen: Karger (38pp.)
- 1686: me. Bern. Valentini Historia moxae cum adjunctis in fine meditationibus de podagra ad ... Andream Cleyerum ... perscripta. Leiden: van der Aa.
- 1687: Historia Physices Experimentalis | Michaelis Bernhardi Valentini Med. D. Historia Physices Experimentalis | Qua Antiquitatem Ejus, Ortum & Progressum Loco Panegyris Inavgvralis In Pleno Antistitum Consessu et frequenti Civium Academicorum confluxu adstruebat Cum Pridiè Calendas IuniiVini ProfessionII Academiâ Giessena ordiretur.Gissae Hassorum: Müllerus, 1687 (44pp.)
- 1704/14 (Part 1): Museum Museorum, or complete show stage of all materials and specereyen / together with their natural description, election, use and use / From other material, art and natural objects chambers, East and West Indian tears -Descriptions / Curious time and day registers / Nature and Artzney quitters / as well as personal experience / To advance the student youth / materialists / pharmacists and their visitors / as well as other artists / as jubilation / Mahler / dyer / u. s. w. so composed, and put under your eyes with several hundred clean copper pieces. Frankfurt a. M .: Zunner.
- 1704/14 (part 2): Musei Museorum. Or the complete SchauBühne frembder Naturalien Zweyter Part / Wherein the rarest natural treasures from all art chambers / Reiss descriptions and other curious books that have been printed up to contain / and next to a newly established equipment and armament chamber of nature / also many Curious Kupffer pieces are presented. Frankfurt a. M .: Zunner.
- 1704/14 (Part 3): Newly erected armory and armory of nature / what is inside The so wondrous / curious / also very useful machines and instruments / which today's naturalists use / can be seen and found in researching the natural causes . For the advancement of all those who are not proficient in the Latin language and yet seek to worship their Creator in nature. Anjetzo described for the first time in High German. Frankfurt a. M .: Zunner.
- 1719: Viridarium reformatum, seu regnum vegetabilis This is set up and-new-book complete herbs, which alfo has not yet happened way, as herbs Vegetables CRF, shrubs, trees, flowers, earth and other kinds of grown, strength and describe Würckung dergestalter, that you have this work instead of a botanical library, each bring to its right main herb type, whose use is also clearly complicated and found in Artzney. Frankfurt a. M .: Anton Heinscheidt.
- 1720: Amphitheatrum zootomicum: tabulis aeneis quamplurimis exhibens historiam animalium anatomicam e miscellaneis SRI Academiae Naturae Curiosorum, diariis Societatum Scientiarum regiarum Parisiensis, Anglicae & Prusiacae… Accedit methodus secandi cadav. humana / accurante variisque notis & figuris illustrante Michaele Bernhardo Valentini. Frankfurt a. M .: Zunner.
literature
- Julius Pagel: Valentini, Michael Bernhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 39, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, p. 468 f.
- Ulrike Enke: Scholarly life in the late 17th century - an approach to the Giessen professor of medicine Michael Bernhard Valentini (1657–1729). In: Medical History Journal . Volume 42, No. 3-4, 2007, pp. 299-329.
- Ulrike Enke: Michael Bernhard Valentini (1657-1729) - professor of medicine and founder of experimental physics at the University of Giessen. In: Horst Carl et al. (Ed.): Panorama 400 years of the University of Gießen: actors, scenes, culture of remembrance. Ed. On behalf of the President of the Justus Liebig University. Frankfurt am Main: Societäts-Verlag 2007, pp. 46–51.
- Ulrike Enke: Periphery as innovation potential? The example of the medical professor Michael Bernhard Valentini (1657-1729) from Giessen. In this. (Ed.): The Medical Faculty of the University of Gießen: Institutions, actors and events from the foundation in 1607 to the 20th century (= The Medical Faculty of the University of Gießen from 1607 to 2007, edited by V Roelcke, Vol. 1). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2007, pp. 39–80.
- Hermann Buschof: First treatise on moxibustion in Europe. The carefully examined and invented Podagra, mediates itself safe-own recovery and relieving Hülff means. Newly edited and commented by Wolfgang Michel, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1993, pp. 60 ff. ISBN 3-7760-1327-3
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Valentini, Michael Bernhard |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German doctor, scholar and collector |
DATE OF BIRTH | November 26, 1657 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | to water |
DATE OF DEATH | March 18, 1729 |
Place of death | to water |