Mikhail Christoforowitsch Tschailachjan

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Michail Christoforowitsch Tschailachjan , Russian Михаил Христофорович Чайлахян , English transcription Mikhail Chailakhyan or Čajlachjan, (born March 21, 1902 in Rostov-on-Don ; † November 30, 1991 in Moscow ) was a Soviet botanist.

Life

Tschailachjan, who was of Armenian descent, attended high school in Novocherkassk and studied agricultural science at the University of Yerevan with the degree in 1926. He taught in 1928/29 at the People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the Armenian SSR in Etschmiadzin and was from 1929 to 1931 assistant at the Botanical Institute of the Transcaucasian Veterinary institute. From 1931 he was a doctoral student at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Leningrad and moved with this to Moscow in 1934. In the same year he received his doctorate (candidate title). From 1935 he headed the laboratory for plant growth and development at the Institute for Plant Physiology. In 1940 he completed his habilitation (Russian doctorate) with a thesis on plant hormones. During the Second World War he was evacuated to Yerevan doing research on raw material sources for vitamin C and was head of the Department of Plant Physiology and Microbiology of the Armenian Agricultural Institute and from 1941 to 1948 head of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the State University in Yerevan, where he became a professor in 1943 . He was an open opponent of Lysenkoism and was therefore released twice (1939 and 1948) as head of his Moscow Plant Growth and Development Laboratory. From 1953 (after Stalin's death) he was back in Moscow at the Institute for Plant Physiology of the Academy (Timirjasew Institute), where he headed the laboratory for plant growth and development until 1988.

He is known as the originator of the Florigen hypothesis: in 1936, as part of experiments on photoperiodism , he postulated the existence of a plant hormone that was responsible for the flowering of plants. That brought him considerable hostility back then in the Soviet Union. He investigated the role of other plant hormones such as auxin and successfully applied phytohormones in agriculture.

He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1968) and the Armenian Academy of Sciences (first corresponding member in 1945 and from 1971 as a full member). In 1969 he became a member of the Leopoldina .

Fonts

  • Internal Factors of Plant Flowering, Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Volume 19, 1968, pp. 1-37
  • with VN Khrianin: Sexuality in plants and its hormonal regulation, Springer 1987
  • On the hormonal theory of plant development (Russian), Doklady Akad. Nauka SSSR, 1936, pp. 443-447

literature

  • GA Romanov: Mikhail Khristoforovich Chailakhyan: The fate of the scientist under the sign of florigen, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, Volume 59, 2012, -S. 443-450, doi: 10.1134 / S1021443712040103

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NP Aksenova: Hormonal regulation of plant development in the studies by M. Kh. Chailakhyan. In dedication of the 100th anniversary of his birth, in Ivana Machackova, Georgy Romanov (Ed.), Phytohormones in Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture, NATO-Russia Workshop, Moscow 2002, Springer 2003, p. 6
  2. ↑ Member entry by Michail Ch. Cajlachjan at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on October 17, 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Tschailachjan, Michail Christoforowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chailakhyan, Mikhail
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian-Soviet botanist
DATE OF BIRTH March 21, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostov on Don
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1991
Place of death Moscow