Microascales
| Microascales | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Microascales | ||||||||||||
| Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr. |
The microascales are an order of the hose fungi . The majority of the species are saprobionts in the ground, in rotting vegetation and manure. Some representatives cause plant diseases ( Ceratocystis fimbriata ) or human diseases ( Pseudallscheria ). The Halosphaeriaceae family includes mostly marine species, and more rarely freshwater species.
The fruiting bodies are black perithecia with a long neck, more rarely celistothecia. No stroma is formed. Paraphyses are absent, the asci are spherical and arise individually or in chains. The ascospores are not septate , colorless and often have ribs or wings.
The anamorphs of the Microascaceae have annellidic conidiogenic cells. In addition, there are other anamorphs, synanamorphs belonging to the Hyphomycete genera Scopulariopsis, Graphium and Scedosporium .
Systematics
The only family of the earlier order Halosphaeriales is now included in the order, since the Microascales would otherwise be paraphyletic in relation to the Halosphaeriales. In the new scope they are a monophyletic taxon . The following families belong to it (with selected genera and species):
- Halosphaeriaceae with 55 genera: the perithecia arise submerged. The center of the fruiting body consists of pseudoparenchyma . The ascus wall of most species breaks open and releases the ascospores. These are pushed out of the interior of the perithecium by forming new asci and ascospores. The ascospores appendices are important for the generic classification.
- Chadefaudiellaceae with two genera
- Microascaceae with eight genera
- incertae sedis (not assigned to any family)
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; 111 (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html) ( Memento from March 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Ning Zhang et al .: An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1076-1087.
