Mijat Tomic

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Mijat Tomić (* around 1610 in Gornji Brišnik near Tomislavgrad , Sandschak Herzegovina , Ottoman Empire ; † around 1656 in Doljani near Jablanica , Herzegovina) was a Heiducke in Bosnia and Herzegovina . As such, he was particularly active in Herzegovina around the area of ​​Županj-Potok (today: Tomislavgrad), often raiding and looting Ottoman caravans and often distributing the booty to the needy. He is therefore mainly considered by the Croats of Herzegovina, as a hero of the freedom struggle against Ottoman rule. It is sung about in the songs of guslar Željko Šimić and books about in are published.

Life

The first document about him comes from the year 1640 and describes his entry into the Heiducken life. Tomić grew up in his native Gornji Brišnik and had two brothers and two sisters. His sister Manda was the mother of his companion, the Hajduken Mali Marijan (Little Marijan), also called Marianko. Tomić was raised by his uncle Niko (on his father's side) because he lost his parents at an early age. He left his uncle at a young age in order to tend sheep for Beg Kopčić until he was 20 years old. His presumed grave is in the Doljani cemetery . His tombstone, a Stećak , was given a plaque in 1937.

Hero songs

How Tomić became a Hajduk afterwards is described in the epic hero song The Plundered Begovica, which is accompanied by the Gusle :

Mähder the Kopčić collects administrator
hundred and two hundred Mähder Häusler
And then he talks to them, saying,
"What comes tomorrow after sunrise
The let me give three hundred beatings,
throwing him into the lowest prison
Let him also not free from dark dungeons;
Oh, the Beg doesn’t
return from the field, And he doesn’t return under the age of seven. “
Whether the Red 'all mowers were frightened
And days ago they got up,
But Tomić Mijat is late,
Carries the long shotgun on his arm,
In The scythe with the hand and the whetstone.
The Kopčić manager speaks to him:
“You know, Mijat, what I said yesterday, I want to do
it with my faith!
Let yourself be beaten three hundred times,
thrown into the lowest prison,
you will not be free until Murat Beg comes,
And he does not come under the age of seven. “
When Tomić Mijat heard this, he
threw the scythe into the green grass,
fled into it the wide forest
And there he appeared as a bold robber,
now linger in the green forest
until he gathers some companions.

His death and the vengeance of his companions are also described in such a heroic song entitled The Haiduken Judgment :

In the meantime, a noble Ferman arrives in Bosnia
and puts three pouches of gold and three beautiful spahiliks
at a price on Mijat's head . It is true that when Ferman was proclaimed
one pretended to hear nothing and spoke of other things,
so terrible was Mijat to the Turks; but finally an Arab
captain appears and promises to hand over the Mijat, whom he once
befriended. He seizes his damascene saber and
long rifle, mounts his speedy steed and hurries into the
ravines to track down the outlaw. On the way he meets
Knees Elias, who returns from town with two loads of
wine. "Have asks the black, this stock of about
acquired a mourning or feast?" "In my house
is not grief, replied Elias, but joy, because this
evening dine Mijat with his thirty companions with me."
"In Allah Names! ”Exclaims the Arab,“ if you deliver the
large Haiduken into my hands so that I
can separate his head from his body, you will receive three bags of gold as a
reward. ”The Knees accepts the tempting application and orders
it black Arabs into his house for supper hour;
then they divorce and Elias returns to the village.

When Mijat sees his godfather move into the farmstead, he rushes
to meet him and looks for the powder sack; but
he only sees bottles filled with wine, and Knees explains to him
that he only found bad powder in the bazaar, which no Haiduk
could use. In the evening, the friends sit innocently at
the table, and Mijat is drinking with jubilation when suddenly tears
trickle down his forehead and he
sees his godmother, who is pouring him , crying behind him. “Dear Marina
, why these tears? Do you think maybe I wo
n't pay you for your care and medical expenses? ”“ Oh, ”
replies Marina,“ I don't ask for any payment for care and
maintenance; I only cry at the thought of our separation
and because you are facing terrible suffering, because Elias has
betrayed you to the Arab. ”At these words Mijat looks
around at the door, but at the same moment the black man steps in.
Captain and shotgun shots put
down poor Haiduken .

Only Mijat's nephew, Marianko, escapes armed
through the window and fires his rifle in the mountains.
[...] The Haiduken now descend, but they only find Marianko seriously
wounded, who tells the treachery of Kneesen from Bobowo and
how the Arab and his Turkish mercenaries
feast on delicious wines in Elias's Kula . Scheravitza weeps
Mijat's death with hot tears and all Haiduken sound dull mourning suits;
they all burn with the desire to
avenge their unfortunate companions , and stand not far from the village in the bloody gorge
where the Turkish way leads through. Soon
these appear , at their head the black Arab with Mijat's head.
At this sight, Scherawitza, seized with bitter pain, lays out
on the captain and hits him right in the heart.
Then the thirty Haiduks fire and thirty Turks
sink dead to the ground; Now the winners are moving into Bobowo, sparing
the good, loyal Marina, but rushing furiously over
the faithless Kneesen, cutting off his arm and leg, tearing out
his teeth and eyes and then burning him alive
in his kula. Such a reward was the traitor.

Others

During the Bosnian War , several Croatian military units of the HVO bore his name (e.g. the Brigada Herceg-Stjepan 3. bojna Jablanica "Mijat Tomić" and Postrojba posebnih namjena Doljani "Mijat Tomić" ).

See also

literature

  • Ivo Žanić : Flag on the Mountain: A Political Anthropology of War in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina 1990–1995 . SAQI, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-86356-815-2 , The dual loyalty of Mijat Tomić, p. 165 ff .
  • Ivan Franjo Jukić and Ljubomir Hercegovac (from Fra Grga Martić): Narodne pjesme bosanske i hercegovačke. [Bosnian and Herzegovinian folk songs]. Osijek 1858.
  • Anđelko Mijatović (Ed.): Narodne pjesme o Mijatu Tomiću. [Folk songs about Mijat Tomić]. Zajednica samostalnih pisaca "Tin", 1969.
  • Gligor Stanojević: Jugoslovenske zemlje u mletacko-turskim ratovima XVI – XVIII vijeka [The southern Slavic regions during the Turkish-Venetian wars of the 16th – 18th centuries. Century] . 1970, p. 184 f .
  • Dubravko Horvatić: Junačina Mijat Tomić: po starim pjesmama i pripovijedanjima . [The Heroism of Mijat Tomić: In Ancient Songs and Tales]. K. Krešimir, Zagreb 1998, ISBN 953-6264-68-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Željko Šimić: Smrt Mijata Tomića (The Death of Mijat Tomić) and Mijat Tomić i paša od Zvornika (Mijat Tomić and the Pasha of Zvornik)
  2. ↑ Dubravko Horvatić: Junačina Mijat Tomić  : po starim pjesmama i pripovijedanjima. (The Heroism of Mijat Tomić: In Ancient Songs and Tales). K. Krešimir, Zagreb 1998. - ISBN 953-6264-68-4
  3. ^ S. Singer: The Hajdukenthum among the southern slaves. In: The Salon for Literature, Art and Society. Vol. II 1885, p. 447. Verlag von AH Payne, Leipzig 1885
  4. ↑ Cyprian Robert: The Slavs of Turkey, or the Montenegrins, Serbs, Bosniaks, Albanians and Bulgarians, their forces and means, their efforts and their political progress. Pp. 19-20. Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 1844
personal data
SURNAME Tomić, Mijat
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Croatian heather
DATE OF BIRTH around 1610
PLACE OF BIRTH Gornji Brišnik
DATE OF DEATH around 1656
Place of death at Doljani