Milk Quality Ordinance
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Ordinance on the quality test and payment of the delivery milk |
| Short title: | Milk Quality Ordinance |
| Abbreviation: | MilchGüV, Milch-GüteV |
| Type: | Federal Ordinance |
| Scope: | Federal Republic of Germany |
| Issued on the basis of: | Section 10 (1) MilchFettG |
| Legal matter: | Special administrative law , commercial law |
| References : | 7842-1-7 |
| Issued on: | July 9, 1980 ( BGBl. I p. 878 , ber.p. 1081 ) |
| Entry into force on: | January 1, 1981 |
| Last change by: |
Art. 1 Regulation of 17 December 2010 ( Federal Law Gazette I, p. 2132 ) |
| Effective date of the last change: |
January 1, 2011 (Art. 10 Paragraph 2 of December 17, 2010) |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version. | |
The milk quality regulation is a regulation that regulates the quality test and payment of cow's milk that is delivered to dairies in Germany .
There are also a number of country-specific implementation regulations that regulate this in more detail.
criteria
The following are determined:
| feature | Examination frequency per month |
Limit value per ml | Deduction of cents / kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germ count | 2 | up to 100,000 class 1, above that class 2 | at least 2 |
| Number of somatic cells | 2 | up to 400,000 | at least 1.5 |
| Fat content | 3 | ||
| Protein content | 3 | ||
| freezing point | 1 | formerly −0.520 ° C (milk regulation, 2007 expired)
z. T. −0.515 ° C in state implementing regulations for Milk Ordinance (e.g. Baden-Württemberg) can be found (2.) |
possibly according to the dairy |
| Water addition | 1 | no added water | possibly according to the dairy |
| Inhibitors | 2 | if the result is positive, blocking | 5 |
The highest state authorities have the right to define or increase further characteristics and the frequency of the examination. In many cases, the examination frequency is higher than required by law. Other characteristics such as: B. the urea content as part of the milk performance test or according to certain pollutants.
For the germ content, the geometric mean is calculated from the test results of the last two months (3 values per month). At least two examinations per month are required.
In addition, the Milk Quality Ordinance stipulates that only milk from cows with a daily milk yield of at least 2 liters may be delivered, and not at all from cows with diseases, especially those affecting the sexual organs.
Classification and payment
The milk is classified into two quality classes (1 and 2). The dairy can also introduce another quality class, the S-class. The limit value in the S-Class for germs is <50,000 per ml and the cell content may not exceed 250,000 or 300,000 per ml, depending on the dairy. The payment is highest for quality class 1, for the S-class there is another surcharge of 0.5 to 1.0 cents per liter, which is determined by the dairy.
Deviations in the fat and protein content of the milk supplied by the farmer from the monthly average of the total milk supplied to the dairy must be taken into account by adding surcharges and discounts to the base price. The basis here is a fat content of 4.0% (in Bavaria 4.2%) and a protein content of 3.4%.
In 2001, over 97% of the milk was classified in quality class 1 and 48% of the cell counts averaged between 125,000 and 249,000.
If the limit values are exceeded, the milk collection will be blocked if repeated. The decisive factor here is the geometric mean over three months. Before that, however, the farmer is advised and his production is checked for weaknesses.
Meaning of the features
The germ content is an indicator of hygiene in milk production. The number of cells allows conclusions to be drawn about the health of the cows. If there is inflammation in the udder , the number of the body's own cells in the milk increases significantly.
The measurement of the freezing point enables a statement to be made as to whether water has been added to the milk (then the freezing point would be above −0.520 ° C, whereby this number is to be regarded as a minimum guideline value; the milk quality regulation only stipulates that no water is added may, but not from when this is the case). In the past, this was partially the case as farmers added water to milk to increase their delivery quantities. Due to continuous controls, such falsifications rarely occur today. However, there is still the possibility that water will get into the milk due to incorrect cleaning of the milking installation. An assessor of the freezing point of raw milk should be aware that this can fluctuate within wide limits. In the case of milk from individual cows, depending on the breed, season, feed, number of calves, milking method and husbandry, this can still be well below −0.520 ° C. An increase in other tiny molecules (e.g. lactose or pyruvic acid when the milk becomes acidic) lowers the freezing point very significantly in some cases. If, on the basis of the test results, there is a suspicion of the addition of water, the competent authority can order in accordance with the milk quality ordinance that a full sample is taken at the producer that consists of the fully monitored evening and morning milkings, between which a time interval of at least 11 and a maximum of 13 Hours lies.
The germ content of the milk provides information about the cleanliness of milk production and storage.
The control of inhibitors is important for the dairy, as these can be antibiotics that hinder the processing of the milk into yoghurt or cheese. If the result is positive, the entire milk collection truck will be excluded from delivery. To avoid this, farmers have the milk from cows treated with antibiotics examined for the presence of inhibitors before it is delivered to the dairies. In addition to compliance with waiting times for medication, this provides security for farmers and dairies.
Web links
- Text of the regulation
- www.landesrecht-bw.de: Ordinance for the implementation of the Milk Quality Ordinance (Milch-GüteDVO) of May 18, 2004.
