Milk and Fat Law
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Law on the trade in milk, milk products and fats |
| Short title: | Milk and Fat Law |
| Abbreviation: | MilkFat G. |
| Type: | Federal law |
| Scope: | Federal Republic of Germany |
| Legal matter: | Commercial administrative law |
| References : | 7842-1 |
| Original version from: | February 28, 1951 ( BGBl. I p. 135 ) |
| Entry into force on: | March 3, 1951 |
| New announcement from: | December 10, 1952 ( BGBl. I p. 811 ) |
| Last change by: |
Art. 397 Regulation of August 31, 2015 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1474, 1533 ) |
| Effective date of the last change: |
September 8, 2015 (Art. 627 of August 31, 2015) |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version. | |
The Milk and Fat Act (long: law on the trade in milk, milk products and fats ) is the basis for trade in milk and milk products in Germany . It has existed since February 28, 1951 and has been revised several times since then. The original purpose was to protect milk , a staple food, from deficiencies in hygiene . Today it regulates numerous details with several implementing ordinances, mainly from the respective state law . The law is not identical to the Milk and Margarine Law (Law on Milk, Dairy Products, Margarine Products and Similar Products). The latter now regulates the labeling and the requirements for placing milk and margarine products on the market.
history
The Milk and Fat Act in its first version from 1951 reorganized the regulation of the trade in milk and milk products, which was previously made in particular with the Milk Act of July 31, 1930 ( RGBl. I p. 421). Insofar as the regulatory content of the Milk Act of 1930 was not already incorporated into the Milk and Fat Act of 1951, this was finally included in the Milk and Margarine Act of July 25, 1990 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1471 ), with which it was repealed. This law in turn is the basis of today's milk and fat law .
Content and regulatory content
The Milk and Fat Act stipulates that milk may initially only be delivered to certain designated dairies and how to proceed with the milk. It regulates, among other things, delivery and purchase obligations, the fat content of milk, the sale of land butter , and includes price rules and regulations on fines .
As a special regulation , the Milk and Fat Act has priority over the general food laws in its special regulation content .
According to the Milk and Fat Act, “milk” is the thoroughly mixed milk of one or more cows obtained through regular, complete milking of the udder , from one or more milking times. Nothing may be withdrawn or added to the milk. Therefore, condensed milk , dry milk and buttermilk are not milk in the sense of the law, but milk products . But this includes z. B. Butter , the production of which is also regulated by the Milk and Fat Act .
The Milk and Fat Act regulates that milk must be heated to at least 72 ° C for at least 15 seconds and then immediately cooled again, i.e. pasteurized , before it is sold. Only farmers are allowed to market their milk unheated and directly from the farm .
On the German market (and, for example, also in southern Europe), long-life milk , which was subjected to ultra-high-temperature heating , has become established due to the possibility of uncooled storage for several months . With new heating techniques, many dairies are now "more fresh" milk to, as ESL milk called (of English life extended shelf , extended shelf life '), which has a shelf life of 14 days depending on the process and how pasteurized milk cool subject. The extended shelf life is created by reducing the natural germ load either mechanically ( microfiltration ) or thermally (high heating).
Milk consumed in food retailing today is mostly homogenized in order to avoid creaming milk fat.
Milk Product Ordinance (MilchErzV)
The milk product regulation (milk ErzV) sets out in detail the production of dairy products, but based upon their introduction text yet on the dairy Act of 1930. A law cleanup to have after 1990 - the announcement of the milk and margarine law as a precursor of today's dairy and fat law - never took place .
With the MilchErzV, u. a. EC directives EGRL 114/2001 and EGRL 61/2007 implemented, for which the Milk and Fat Act also does not provide a basis for authorization. A legal adjustment is still pending: The Milk and Margarine Act (Act on Milk, Milk Products, Margarine Products and Similar Products of July 25, 1990) now diametrically opposes the Milk and Fats Act in some points, and harmonization is overdue.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ CELEX No: 32001L0114 cf. Regulation of June 23, 2003 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1052 ).
- ↑ CELEX No: 32007L0061 cf. Regulation of December 21, 2007 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 3282 ).
- ↑ [1] , accessed on May 19, 2019.
