Military coastal protection
Coastal protection describes the military protection of a coast against enemy attacks.
Buildings
Before the First World War , purely coastal fortifications were built , which worked exclusively against enemy warships and were not or only slightly fortified on the land side. You should prevent enemy ships from using harbors , roadsteads , entering estuaries , straits , etc.; Since they only had to expect a bombardment of ships, not a siege , they were partly built as open earthworks, beach or coastal batteries . However, there were also complete defenses such as Fort Kugelbake in Cuxhaven, Fortress Fjell or Fort Boyard . The forts on the American east coast and in the Gulf of Mexico ( Fort Massachusetts ) were also only set up to combat sea targets and were difficult to defend against land attacks. During the Second World War , the largest coastal protection system in the world was built by the German occupiers with the construction of the Atlantic Wall .
See also
literature
- Frank Gosch "Fortification construction on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea - The history of German coastal fortifications until 1918" Mittler 2003 ISBN 3-8132-0743-9