Militaria

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The Südmecklenburger "Soup Russian"

As Militaria ( lat. Militaris "military," "warlike", "War") are historical artifacts referred to the military, military service, soldiering, uniforms, medals customer and war can be associated with the fields. In addition to the military, items from other uniformed government organizations also fall under militaria.

area

Many of these items are considered collector's items due to their historical or antiquarian relevance . A large number of individual collection areas are summarized under the umbrella term "Militaria", for example:

Important military collections are in private hands with collectors and aristocratic houses or in numerous public and private museums . Most private militaria collectors have specialized in a subject area (in Germany e.g. German Empire , Weimar Republic , Third Reich , National People's Army ) such as medals and decorations , helmets , edged weapons and ordinance weapons due to the very extensive subject area .

Roman militaria

In Provincial Roman Archeology , militaria finds are classified according to their functions. Assault weapons include melee weapons such as swords and daggers and ranged weapons, such as:

Defensive weapons include all armor ( helmet , breastplate, etc.) and shields. So-called soldier's primers, on the other hand, do not belong to the militaria, although they were an important part of the equipment.

The Roman militaria were manufactured in production centers in the large Roman cities, by resident traders and craftsmen in the provinces and in some cases by the legionaries themselves. Initially, however, these were limited to the repair and manufacture of the simplest militaria. Scrap metal collections and vast quantities of semi-finished products were found in various Roman military camps . Mainly because of the increasing distance of the legionnaires from the big centers, the dependence on their own supplies increased more and more.

Dating individual find complexes usually proves to be problematic. In military collections there are mostly individual items from underdocumented old excavations or from private collections; such objects can hardly be assigned to a complex of finds that would help with the dating. Some militaria hardly changed typologically in the course of Roman antiquity up to the Middle Ages, an example of this would be projectile points or certain javelins. In Vindobona (Vienna) an attempt was made to date finds using supra-regional comparisons.

See also

literature

  • MC Bishop / JC Coulston, Roman Military Equipment from the Punic War to the Fall of Rome 2 (Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006).
  • E. Deschler-Erb, Ad arma! Roman military of the 1st century AD in Augusta Raurica. Research in Augst 28 (Augst: Römermuseum Augst 1999).
  • T. Fischer, The Army of the Caesars. Archeology and history (Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet 2012).
  • M. Fulford / A. Doig / D. Sim, The Production of Roman Ferrous Armor. A Metallographic Survey of Material from Britain, Denmark and Germany and its Implications. Journal of Roman Archeology 17, 1,2004, 197-220.
  • AZ Maspoli, Roman militaria from Vienna. The finds from the legionary camp, the canabae legionis and the civil settlement of Vindobona. Monographs of Stadtarchäologie Wien 8 (Vienna: Museums of the City of Vienna, Stadtarchäologie 2014). 
  • H. Pöppelmann, Rome's forgotten campaign. The battle of the Harzhorn. Publications of the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum 115 (Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag 2013).
  • D. Sim / J. Kaminski, Roman Imperial Armor. The production of early imperial military armor (Oxford: Oxbow Books 2012).
  • M. Speidel, The weapons keeper, the fisci curator, and the ownership of weapons in the roman army. In: Roman Army Studies 2. MAVORS 8, 1992, 131-136.
  • K. Töpfer, Signa Militaria. The Roman standards in the republic and in the principality (Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums 2011).
  • D. Woods, The ownership and disposal of military equipment in the late Roman Army. Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 4 (Stuttgart: Oxbow Books 1993) 55-65.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ AZ Maspoli, Römische Militaria from Vienna. The finds from the legionary camp, the canabae legionis and the civil settlement of Vindobona. Monographs of Stadtarchäologie Wien 8 (Vienna: Museums of the City of Vienna, Stadtarchäologie 2014).