Minzhudang

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The name Minzhudang民主黨, Democratic Party, can be found several times in the Chinese party landscape, partly in connection with other attributes.

Individual parties

Republic of China

Immediately after the proclamation of the Republic of China in 1912, a Minzhudang 民主黨, Democratic Party, emerged from the formerly monarchist Baohuanghui . The party was led by Liang Qichao , a former follower of Kang Youweis . Although both politicians had once supported the Hundred-Day Reform of Emperor Guangxu and were therefore persecuted by Yuan Shikai , Liang now accepted the financial support of Yuan. Still, the minzhudang remained meaningless.

A Zhongguo Minzhudang 中國 民主黨, Democratic Party of China, was founded by opposition members around Lei Zhen, a publicist, politician and advisor to Chiang Kai-sheks in 1960, when the Republic of China , which was reduced to Taiwan , was in a phase of constitutional restrictions , which began in 1950 lasted until 1986. Since no new parties were allowed to be formed during this phase, the party was immediately banned and Lei was imprisoned.

In contrast, the Zhongguo Minzhudang 中國 民主黨, Democratic Party of China, founded in 1987, was included in the party register by the Interior Ministry. A year earlier, the re-democratization of the Republic of China had brought about new framework conditions for parties.

Xu Wenli, co-founder of Zhongguo Minzhudang

People's Republic of China

In the People's Republic of China , too , a China Zhongguo Minzhudang entstand, the Democratic Party of China , was established in 1998 by the well-known dissidents Wang Youcai and Xu Wenli in Hangzhou / Zhejiang Province . Since the Chinese authorities have refused to register as a party and have persecuted its members, it only operates abroad and underground.

Hong Kong

The Beijing-critical Minzhudang 民主黨, Democratic Party , was founded in Hong Kong in 1990. She has been represented on the Legislative Council since 1995 .

Compounds for Minzhu

Other parties that had Minzhudang z in their name were Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhudang, founded in 1927, 中國農工民主黨 Chinese Party of Peasants and Workers, Shehui Minzhudang 民主 社會 黨, Democratic Socialist Party, Zhongguo founded in 1946 Shehui Minzhudang 中國 民主 社會 黨, Chinese Social Democratic Party (1946), the Tongyi Minzhudang 統一 民主黨, United Democratic Party (1988), the Zhongguo Ziyou Minzhudang 中國 自由 民主黨, Chinese Liberal Democratic Party (1987), the Zhongguo Datong 中國 Minzhudang民主黨, Datong Democratic Party of China (1988), Zhongguo Qingnian Minzhudang 中國 青年 民主黨, Party of Democratic Youth of China (1990), Zhonghua Shehui Minzhudang 中華 社會 民主黨, Chinese Social Democratic Party (1990), Zhongguo Funü Minzhudang 中國 婦女民主黨, China Women's Democratic Party (1991), Guojia Minzhudang 國家 民主黨, National Democratic Party (1996), Taiwan Minzhudang 台灣 民主黨, Taiwan Democratic Party (1998), Zhongguo Gonghe Minzhudang 國共 和 民主黨, Republican Democratic Party of China (2000), the Taiwan Pingmin Minzhudang 台灣 平民 民主黨, Democratic Party of Taiwanese Citizens (2007), the Taiwan Shehui Minzhudang 台灣 社會 民主黨, Taiwan Social Democratic Party (2007), the Daogong Minzhudang 道 共 民主黨, Democratic Common Path Party (2012) and Zhonghua Wenhua Minzhudang 中華 文化 民主黨, Democratic Party of Chinese Culture (2013), Shehui Minzhudang 社會 民主黨, Social Democratic Party (2015). ).

In the People's Republic of China, in addition to the aforementioned Zhongguo Minzhudang, Democratic Party of China, the following underground parties were established: Zhongguo Renmin Minzhudang 中国 人民 民主党, Democratic Party of the Chinese People (1987), the Zhongguo Ziyou Minzhudang 中国 自由 民主党, Liberal Democratic Party of China (1991) and the Zhongguo Shehui Minzhudang 中国 社會 民主党, Chinese Social Democratic Party (2000).

literature

  • Chao, Linda / Myers, Ramon Hawley: The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore - London, 1998, ISBN 9780801856501
  • Chen, Jie: "The Overseas Chinese Democracy Movement". University of Western Australia, Perth, 2014, ISBN 978-1784711023
  • Fukui, Haruhiro: Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific . Vol. 1, Greenwood Press, Westport / Connecticut-London, 1985.
  • Heilmann, Sebastian: The political system of the People's Republic of China . 3rd edition, Springer VS, Wiesbaden, 2016, ISBN 978-3-658072278
  • Jeans, Roger B .: Chinese Democratic Socialist Party . In: Fukui, Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 1, p. 212 ff.
  • Lo, Sonny Shiu-Hing: Competing Chinese Political Visions: Hong Kong vs. Beijing on Democracy . Praeger, Santa Barbara, 2010, ISBN 978-0-313-36505-8
  • Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry: Society to Protect the Emperor , In: Fukui, Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 1, pp. 251 ff.
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: China's Democratic Traditions from the 19th Century to the Present in Taiwan . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-938946-24-4
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: The party landscape of East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2018, ISBN 978-3-938946-27-5
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: Political Lexicon East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2019, ISBN 978-3-938946-28-2
  • Yamada, Tatsuo: Chinese Nationalist Party . In: Fukui, Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 1, pp. 214 ff.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Tsai, Society to Protect the Emperor , pp. 251 ff .; Weyrauch, China's Democratic Traditions from the 19th Century to the Present in Taiwan , pp. 79, 89; Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", pp. 140, 145; Weyrauch, Political Lexicon East Asia , p. 130.
  2. ↑ Chao / Myers, The First Chinese Democracy , p. 52 f .; Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", p. 163 f .; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien , p. 261; Taiwan Today of March 8, 2012, [1] .
  3. ↑ Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", p. 185; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien , p. 261; Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China, Current Party List, [2] .
  4. ^ Heilmann, The political system of the People's Republic of China , p. 245; Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", p. 250; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien , p. 261; Weyrauch, China's Democratic Traditions from the 19th Century to the Present in Taiwan , p. 418; Chen, "The Overseas Chinese Democracy Movement," p. 3.
  5. ^ Lo, Competing Chinese Political Visions , pp. 140 ff .; Weyrauch, China's Democratic Traditions from the 19th Century to the Present in Taiwan , pp. 391, 455, 457; Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", p. 261; Weyrauch, Political Lexicon East Asia , p. 130.
  6. ^ Jeans, Chinese Democratic Socialist Party , p. 212 ff .; Weyrauch, "The political landscape of East Asia", pp. 147, 153, 186, 190, 193, 197, 203, 212, 219, 222, 247 f., 250; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien , pp. 38, 69, 190 f., 209-211, 218, 252 f., 255, 261, 262 f., 266, 272 f.
  7. ↑ Weyrauch, "The Party Landscape of East Asia", pp. 247 f., 250; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien , pp. 261-263, 266; Chen, "The Overseas Chinese Democracy Movement," p. 3.