Mixed poke

Mischpoke even Mischpoche or Muschpoke is one of the Hebrew מִשְׁפָּחָה ([miʃpa'χa] 'family') declining Jiddismus in meaning, family, society, tribe ', the beginning of the 19th century in the pejorative meaning rabble of thieves 'has been adopted into everyday German . While the term is used neutrally in Yiddish , the word in German often has a derogatory meaning. The Duden , which took up the term in 1941, defines mischpoke today as casually derogatory in the meaning of “someone's family, relatives” and “bad company, group of unpleasant people”.

Concept history

The word about Rotwelsche was borrowed from West Yiddish for Hebrew משפּחה 'family, clan, clan, relatives', which in turn comes from the synonymous but not derogatory word in Hebrew (מִשׁפָּחָ (ה = mišpāḥā (h). According to the German dictionary of variants the language variants Mischpoke and Muschpoke are only used in Germany ; the variant Mischpoche , on the other hand, is used in both Austria and Germany.

Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon defined in 1911:

"Mischpōke (Jewish-German), own family , now in a contemptuous sense: clan ."

- Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 2, 5th edition. Leipzig 1911, p. 194.

Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 1909 also in anti-Semitic terms as:

"Mischpōke (corrupted from Hebrew mischpâchâh, 'family'), despicable for Jewish clan, society."

- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 13, 6th edition. Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 895.

In older documents, Mischpoche was used in a more familiar way, so it says in Wanders Deutsches Sprich emphasis-Lexikon 1873 about the phrase "It is up to the Mischpoche":

“It is inherited from the parents, or it is natural. Mishpachah [...] family. The phrase is used in a good as well as in a bad sense, by family virtues as well as by family mistakes. "

- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander (Ed.): Deutsches Sprich emphasis-Lexikon, Volume 3. Leipzig 1873, Sp. 666-667.

Usage examples

The Yiddish writer Hirsch David Nomberg wrote a play Di mischpoche in 1913 . In 2015 the European Maccabiade in Berlin was advertised self- deprecatingly with the slogan “The whole mischpoke is at the start”.

The German-Jewish writer Marcia Zuckermann published the family novel "Mischpoke!" out, which in the form of a novel u. a. reported from their family history.

literature

Herbert Ernst Wiegand: German Linguistics - Studies on New High German Lexicography . Georg Olms Verlag 1981, ISBN 3-487-07838-4 ( Google Books ).
Leo Rosten: Yiddish: A Little Encyclopedia . dtv, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-423-20938-0 , pp. 412-415.

Web links

Wiktionary: Mischpoke - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

↑ Mischpoke in DWDS , accessed on January 5, 2015
↑ Mischpoke in duden.de, accessed on January 5, 2015.
↑ Cf. Friedrich Kluge, edited by Elmar Seebold: Etymological Dictionary of the German Language. 24th, reviewed and expanded edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-017473-1 , DNB 965096742 under the lemma "Mischpoche", p. 623.
↑ See scientific advice of the Duden editorial team (publisher): Duden, German Universal Dictionary. 6th edition, Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-411-05506-7 , p. 1149.
↑ See Ulrich Ammon et al. (Ed.): German dictionary of variants. The standard language in Austria, Switzerland and Germany as well as in Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, East Belgium and South Tyrol. 1st edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, ISBN 978-3-11-016574-6 , p. 505.
↑ online at zeno.org , accessed on January 5, 2015
↑ online at zeno.org, accessed on January 21, 2017.
↑ online at zeno.org, accessed on January 5, 2015
↑ The whole Mischpoke is at the start , Berliner Morgenpost from July 15, 2015

[1] Mischpoke in DWDS , accessed on January 5, 2015

[2] Mischpoke in duden.de, accessed on January 5, 2015.

[3] Cf. Friedrich Kluge, edited by Elmar Seebold: Etymological Dictionary of the German Language. 24th, reviewed and expanded edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-017473-1 , DNB 965096742 under the lemma "Mischpoche", p. 623.

[4] See scientific advice of the Duden editorial team (publisher): Duden, German Universal Dictionary. 6th edition, Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-411-05506-7 , p. 1149.

[5] See Ulrich Ammon et al. (Ed.): German dictionary of variants. The standard language in Austria, Switzerland and Germany as well as in Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, East Belgium and South Tyrol. 1st edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, ISBN 978-3-11-016574-6 , p. 505.

[6] t zeno.org , accessed on January 5, 2015

[7] t zeno.org, accessed on January 21, 2017.

[8] t zeno.org, accessed on January 5, 2015

[9] The whole Mischpoke is at the start , Berliner Morgenpost from July 15, 2015