Mito (Han)
Mito ( Japanese 水 戸 藩 , - han ) was a Han (fiefdom) in Japan during the Edo period , in the area of the old Hitachi Province (now Ibaraki Prefecture ). The 1602 formed Han with seat Mito Castle was awarded successively to three sons of Tokugawa Ieyasu : first to the fifth son Takeda Nobuyoshi (previously 1593-1602 daimyo of Sakura ), then to the tenth son Tokugawa Yorinobu (then 1609-1619 daimyo of Sumpu and 1619-1667 by Kishū , founder of the Kishū-Tokugawa) and finally to the eleventh son Tokugawa Yorifusa (previously 1606-1609 as Matsudaira Tsuruchiyomaru ( 松 平 鶴 千代 丸 ) Daimyō of Shimotsuma and founder of the Mito-Tokugawa). The Mito line of the Tokugawa , the third of the Gosanke , controlled the area since then until the abolition of the Han in 1871. The last daimyō, Tokugawa Akitake , was head of the house Shimizu Tokugawa ( Gosankyō ) from 1866 to 1868 .
Towards the end of the Edo period , Mito became a center of learning after Nariaki established the Kōdōkan as a Han school in 1841 . It quickly became the largest of the 295 Han schools in Japan. The Mitogaku ( 水 戸 学 ) taught there was based on the concept of the unity of Shinto and Confucianism. It was about the self-discovery of Japan at a time when the Western powers were beginning to convert large areas of Asia into colonies. After the forced opening of the country one agreed to the call "Honor the Tennō - drive out the barbarians" ( sonnō jōi ). In the riots of 1868 there were clashes between Tokugawa supporters and opponents in Mito. The 17.8 hectare facility went up in flames except for the main gate, the entrance hall and another hall, Shizendō .
Work on the most important historical work of the Edo period, the Dai Nihon shi ("History of Great Japan"), begun by Mitsukuni in 1657 , was continued both within the Mito residence in Edo in Shōkōkan ( 彰 考 館 ) and in Mito.
The last Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu , came from the Mito lineage. He could not prevent the end of the shogunate, although his opponents, the revolutionaries behind the Meiji Restoration , were influenced by the ideology of the Mito school, of all things .
List of daimyo
- Takeda ( Shimpan daimyo , 150,000 Koku ), 1602-1603
| Surname | Kanji | Term of office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Takeda Nobuyoshi | 武田 信 吉 | 1602-1603 |
- Kishū-Tokugawa ( Shimpan-Daimyō , 200,000 Koku → 250,000 Koku), 1603–1609
| Surname | Kanji | Term of office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tokugawa Yorinobu | 徳 川 頼 宣 | 1603-1609 |
- Mito-Tokugawa ( Shimpan-Daimyō , 350,000 Koku ), 1609–1871
| Surname | Kanji | Term of office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tokugawa Yorifusa | 徳 川 頼 房 | 1609-1661 |
| 2 | Tokugawa Mitsukuni | 徳 川 光 圀 | 1661-1690 |
| 3 | Tokugawa Tsunaeda | 徳 川 綱 條 | 1690-1718 |
| 4th | Tokugawa Munetaka | 徳 川 宗堯 | 1718-1730 |
| 5 | Tokugawa Munemoto | 徳 川 宗翰 | 1730-1766 |
| 6th | Tokugawa Harumori | 徳 川 治 保 | 1766-1805 |
| 7th | Tokugawa Harutoshi | 徳 川 治 紀 | 1805-1816 |
| 8th | Tokugawa Narinobu | 徳 川 斉 脩 | 1816-1829 |
| 9 | Tokugawa Nariaki | 徳 川 斉 昭 | 1829-1844 |
| 10 | Tokugawa Yoshiatsu | 徳 川 慶 篤 | 1844-1868 |
| 11 | Tokugawa Akitake | 徳 川 昭武 | 1868-1871 |
Mito loan
Four sons of the founder of the Mito-Tokugawa house, Tokugawa Yorifusa, received their own fiefs. These lines with their twig fiefs ( 支 藩 , shihan ) were:
- Based on Matsudaira Yorishige ( 松 平 頼 重 ) to Shimodate 1639–1642 and to Takamatsu 1642–1871.
- Based on Matsudaira Yorimoto ( 松 平 頼 元 ) to Nukada 1661–1700 and to Moriyama 1700–1871.
- Starting from Matsudaira Yoritaka ( 松 平 頼 隆 ) to Honai 1661–1700 and to Hitachi-Fuchū 1700–1871.
- Based on Matsudaira Yorio ( 松 平 頼 雄 ) on Shishido 1682–1864 and 1868–1871.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kōdōkan leaflets, Japanese and English, 2005.
- ↑ Lt. Konversationslexikon Kōjien Completion of the work only in 1906
swell
- Duus, Peter. Modern Japan . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.
- Hane, Mikiso. Modern Japan: A Historical Survey . Boulder: Westview Press, 2001.
- Harootunian, HD Toward Restoration . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.
- "History Of Mito." Jun 7, 2006. City of Mito. 25 July 2007. http://www.city.mito.ibaraki.jp/english/profile/history.htm ( Memento from January 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) .
- Koschmann, J. Victor. Conflict in Modern Japanese History . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
- Koschmann, J. Victor. The Mito Ideology . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
- Lamberti, Matthew V. Tokugawa Nariaki and the Japanese Imperial Institution: 1853-1858 . Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Vol. 32 (1972), p. 97-123.
- Sakata, Yoshio. The Motivation of Political Leadership in the Meiji Restoration . The Journal of Asian Studies. Vol. 16, No. 1 (Nov. 1956), p. 31-50.