Guadalupium

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
system series step ≈ age ( mya )
higher higher higher younger
Perm Lopingium Changhsingium 251.9
⬍
254.2
Wuchiapingium 254.2
⬍
259.9
Guadalupium Capitanium 259.9
⬍
265.1
Wordium 265.1
⬍
268.8
Roadium 268.8
⬍
272.3
Cisuralium Kungurium 272.3
⬍
279.3
Artinskium 279.3
⬍
290.1
Sacmarium 290.1
⬍
295.5
Asselium 295.5
⬍
298.9
deeper deeper deeper older

The Guadalupium (also Middle Perm or Middle Perm; in German usage also shortened to Guadalup) is the middle chronostratigraphic series or geochronological epoch of the Permian in geological history . It began about 272.3 million years ago and ended about 259.9 million years ago. It is preceded by the Cisuralium series (Unterperm). It is followed by the Lopingium series (Oberperm).

Naming

The series is named after the Guadalupe Mountains in the western US state of Texas . The name was introduced as a lithostratigraphic unit in 1902 by George H. Girty . In 1982 John Bruce Waterhouse proposed to adopt this unit as a chronostratigraphic unit.

Definition and GSSP

The basis of the Guadalupium series (and the Roadium stage) is defined by the first appearance of the conodont species Jinogondolella nanginkensis . The end of the Guadalupium (or the beginning of the Lopingium) is indicated by the first appearance of the conodont subspecies Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri . The GSSP (Type Locality and Type Profile) of the Gudalupium (and the Roadium) is a profile in the Stratotype Canyon in the southern Guadalupe Mountains in Texas , USA (31 ° 52 '36.1 "N, 104 ° 52' 36.5" W) .

Breakdown

The Guadalupium is divided into three geological levels :

The Guadalupium in Central Europe

The Rotliegend continued to be deposited in Central Europe and continued into the older Lopingium , where it was replaced by the sedimentation of the Zechstein .

Flora and fauna

The end of the Guadalupian was marked by a minor mass extinction, which preceded the great Permian Triassic mass extinction in which up to 90% of all animal and plant species disappeared. A violent volcanic event in southern China (which created the so-called Emeishan flood basalts ) and the associated global impairment of ecosystems was identified as the cause of this death .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zhou Mei-Fu, John Malpas, Song Xie-Yan, Paul T. Robinson, Sun Min, Allen K. Kennedy, C. Michael Lesher, Reid R. Keays: A temporal link between the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China) and the end-Guadalupian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196, No. 3-4, pp. 113-122 doi: 10.1016 / S0012-821X (01) 00608-2 .
  2. ↑ Michael R. Rampino, Shu-Zhong Shen. The end-Guadalupian (259.8 Ma) biodiversity crisis: the sixth major mass extinction? Historical Biology, 2019; 1 DOI: 10.1080 / 08912963.2019.1658096

literature

  • Yugan Jin , Shuzhong Shen, Charles M. Henderson, Xiangdong Wang, Wei Wang, Yue Wang, Changqun Cao and Qinghua Shang: The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the boundary between the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian Stage (Permian). Episodes, 29 (4): 253-263, Beijing 2006 ISSN  0705-3797 .
  • Yugan Jin, SL Mei, W. Wang, Xiangdong Wang, SZ Shen, Qinghau Shang, and ZQ Chen: On the Lopingian Series of the Permian System. Palaeoworld, 9: 1-18, Nanjing 1998 ISSN  1871-174X
  • Brian F. Glenister, Bruce R. Wardlaw, Lance L. Lambert, Claude Spinosa, SA Bowring, DH Erwin, Manfred Menning and Garner L. Wilde: Proposal of Guadalupian and Component Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian Stages as International Standards for the Middle Permian Series. Permophiles, 34: 3-11, 1999 PDF
  • Bruce R. Wardlaw, Vladimir I. Davydov and Felix Gradstein: The Permian Period. Pp. 249-270 In: Felix Gradstein, Jim Ogg & Alan Smith (Eds.): A Geologic timescale. Cambridge University Press 2004 ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7

Web links