Medium data technology

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Nixdorf 820 : Nixdorf Computer AG's successful model in the field of medium-sized data technology.

As Middle data processing technology ( Engl. Midrange computing ) were designated in the 1960s to the 1990s in the strict sense Computer Support Systems ( MDT computer ), in a broader sense, a complete solution of the working process of the data processing in the office, consisting of mini computers , software and support .

origin

According to IBM, the name "medium data technology" goes back to the introduction of the IBM 1401 satellite computer on October 5, 1959. This was built in transistor technology with core memory . Punch cards and optionally magnetic tapes were used as the data medium . At the time, it was a comparatively complete system that also worked autonomously and thus enabled an economically favorable entry into data processing. Around the same time (1959), the RPG programming language became available, which helped to transfer the results obtained with tabulating machines or punch card mixers to the new technology.

development

From around the mid-1960s, MDT computers were made by Nixdorf Computer , Triumph-Adler , Hohner , CTM Computertechnik Müller GmbH Konstanz ( Otto Müller and Ilse Müller ), Dietz Computersysteme , Kienzle Apparate , Taylorix , Ruf Datensysteme (Didic, Frech and Frieder Jung ), SIEMAG Datentechnik, Olivetti and other international companies. These developments are long before CP / M and other mini and microcomputers. Many MDT computers could not establish themselves on the market in the long run and are now regarded as exotic, such as Wagner computers, Unicomp computer systems and Saturn. The companies Kienzle, Nixdorf, Triumph-Adler, Hohner, Anker and Philips belonged to the industrial working group for medium data technology (AMD) .

MDT computers were initially single-user systems with a proprietary operating system and mostly a proprietary processor, geared towards commercial applications such as financial accounting, invoicing and inventory accounting. Initially, magnetic accounts were used as external storage (hence the name magnetic accounts computer , abbreviated MKC ), later magnetic cassette storage , disk storage and finally disk storage (see hard disk ). Machines with disk drives and data screens (terminals, computer workstations) were called dialog computers . The first multi-user system was RUF90 from Ruf Datensysteme Karlsruhe, developed by Didic, Frech and Frieder Jung. Then Nixdorf came onto the market with a clone that was bought in the USA and adapted for Germany , the Data General Minicomputer. None of the systems was able to establish itself as a standard. With the advent of integrated microprocessors, BASIC as the programming language and CP / M as the operating system, the German developments in medium-sized data technology lost more and more importance and finally their market due to the PC . The following list of providers (Prime product or model number in brackets) from 1973 gives an impression of the diversity of medium-sized data technology:

  • ABS (MULTIBUS)
  • ANCHOR (ADS 2100)
  • ASCOTA (700/750)
  • BURROUGHS (B 1700, E 4000, E 8000, L 2000, L 4000, L 5000)
  • COMPUDATA (series 550)
  • CTM (70/500, 70/600)
  • DEFINITIVE (6590, Multi Electron 352)
  • ELDATA (ISE 3000)
  • FACIT (6501)
  • FRIDEN (5800)
  • HOHNER (5000, 6000, 8000, 9000)
  • HONEYWELL BULL (55)
  • IBM ( System / 32 )
  • IBM ( System / 36 )
  • KIENZLE (800, 5000/5600, 6000/6100)
  • LITTON (ABS series 1200)
  • LOG ABAX (3200, 4200)
  • MAEL (4825)
  • MAY (500)
  • MELCOLM (83/84)
  • MITSUBISHI (MELCOM 84)
  • NCR (400, 446, 500)
  • NIXDORF ( series 820 , series 880 / xx)
  • OLIVETTI (AUDITRONIC 770)
  • PHILIPS (P 352, P 353, P 358/359)
  • RUF (series 70 / x, series 80 / xx, series 81)
  • SCHREM (OMNICOMP 2000)
  • SINGER (5835)
  • TAYLORIX (8000/8900, SYSTEM 9)
  • TRIUMPH-ADLER (Mod. 100/1 + 2, Mod. 30) TA 1000
  • WAGNER (WAC 400)

On the initiative of Lutz J. Heinrich at the University of Karlsruhe , the endowed chair “Organizational Theory and Data Processing (Medium Data Technology)” was set up in 1970 with the financial assistance of MDT manufacturers Akkord Electronic, RUF Datensysteme, Hohner, Kienzle and Philips. Lutz J. Heinrich himself held the chair until he was appointed to the Johannes Kepler University in Linz in the same year. Not least because of this, the establishment of this chair did not lead to any lasting collaboration between science and academic teaching with the companies that developed and sold systems for medium-level data technology.

literature

  • H. Ackermann: Location of the medium data technology. In: office technology + organization. 1967, pp. 588-592.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich among others: Medium data technology. 3 volumes. Verlagsgesellschaft R. Müller, Cologne-Braunsfeld, Volume 1 1968, 1970, 1972 and 1974, Volume 2 and Volume 3 1974.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Chair of "Organizational Theory and Data Processing (Medium Data Technology)" - a foundation of Baden-Württemberg companies for the University of Karlsruhe. In: Karlsruher Wirtschaftsspiegel. No. 13, 1970, pp. 32-34.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: The use of keyboard-oriented computers in large information systems. In: Computer Practice. 6/1970, pp. 107-114.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Medium data technology - data processing between office machine and computer. In: Journal for data processing. 1/1968, pp. 12-22, 2/1968, pp. 116-128, 3/1968, pp. 203-213, 4/1968, pp. 249-257 and 5/1968, pp. 346-349.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: The magnetic account computer of the medium data technology. In: Journal for data processing. 4/1969, pp. 340-348.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Medium data technology. In: Journal for office technology and computer science. 1282/1970, pp. 370-374.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Control of the periphery in computers of the medium data technology. In: Computer Practice. 3/1972, pp. 69-72.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Middle data technology - some considerations for location determination and designation. In: Computer Practice. 3/1973, pp. 65-70.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Middle data technology - development tendencies of hardware, software, programming and application from the point of view of science. In: Applied Computer Science. 2/1975, pp. 45-51.
  • Lutz J. Heinrich: Medium data technology. In: Management Encyclopedia. Volume 4, Verlag Moderne Industrie, Munich / Frankfurt 1973, pp. 688-701, and Volume 7, Landsberg 1984, pp. 15-26.
  • R. Krieger: Status and development tendencies of the middle data technology. In: Journal for data processing. 5/1971, pp. 319-322, and 6/1971, pp. 385-389.
  • Ilse Müller: Splendor and misery of the German computer industry. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt 1995.
  • G. Schlageter: Software and programming of computers in medium-sized data technology. In: Computer Practice. 5/1971, pp. 95-102.
  • E. Walter: The software of computers of the medium data technology. In: Journal for data processing. 3/1970, pp. 158-162.
  • Armin Müller: Kienzle. A German industrial company in the 20th century. 2nd Edition. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-515-10669-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. IBM celebrates 50 years of medium-sized data technology. Heise Online, October 6, 2009
  2. Can the magnetic account still be taken seriously? In: Computerwoche 27 (1976). Retrieved July 3, 2017 .
  3. CC-SELLER MDT Mittlere Datentechnik 1973. (PDF; 5.6 MB) Retrieved on January 20, 2012 .

Web links