Mohammad Husseini Shirazi

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Muhammad ibn Mahdi al-Hussaini al-Shirazi ( Arabic سيد محمد بن مهدي الحسيني الشيرازي, DMG Saiyid Muḥammad b. Mahdī al-Ḥusainī aš-Šīrāzī , also al-Shirazi ; * 1928 in Najaf ; † 2001 ) was a prominent Iraqi cleric (Grand Ayatollah) with more than 1200 book publications in the fields of law , theology , political science , sociology , economics and human rights .

Life

Muhammad Shirazi was born in 1928 (year 1347 of the Islamic calendar) in Najaf, Iraq, into a family of traditional Islamic clerics. Members of his family were often clerics, some of whom had achieved the status of Marja-e Taghlid , such as Mohammad Hasan Shirazi and Muhammad Taqi Shirazi . His father, Grand Ayatollah Mehdi Shirazi, was the Mardschaʿ-e Taghlid of his time. The family traces its origins back to the Prophet Mohammad. Grand Ayatollah ash-Shirazi died in 2001. His legacy is being preserved and continued by the Hawza he established . Shirazi's brother Sadiq Hosseini Schirasi , who also embodies religious authority, carries on his brother's thoughts and legacy.

In 1971, al-Shirazi went from Iraq to Lebanon to continue his resistance against the Ba'ath Party , which had ruled Iraq since 1971. Ash-Shirazi later lived in Kuwait and migrated to the Iranian city of Qom in 1979 after the start of the revolution in Iran. His stay in Kuwait is said to have had an impact on the ecumenical dialogue between Sunnis and Shiites.

The main goals that Ash-Shirazi strived for were freedom, especially freedom of expression, political plurality, forgiveness of guilt, tolerance and the all-embracing rule of Islam.

Islamic Revolution in Iran

Ash-Shirazi supported the overthrow of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the seizure of power by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in Iran. In contrast to other high-ranking personalities of Islam, Ash-Shirazi did not assume any public office and also expressed criticism of grievances after the revolution.

Persecution in Iran

Shirazi supporters suffer ongoing persecution in Iran. One of the sons of Shirazis' Morteza was arrested for 18 months in 1995. After imprisonment, he went to Syria , where he sought political asylum. The persecution and torture of Seyd Morteza Schirazi was made public in a 34-page open letter by Ahmad Azari Qomi in the mass media outside of Iran (for example in the London magazine Nimroozb ). As a result, the Grand Ayatollahs Ahmad Azari Qomi and Hossein Ali Montazeri fell out of favor with the Iranian government under the head of state Ayatollah Ali Khamene'i .

Amnesty International reports on the Iranian political establishment's attacks on Shirazi's supporters as follows:

“Many followers of the Grand Ayatollah Sayed Mohammad Shirazi were arrested [during 1998]. In January, Sheikh Mohammad Amin Ghafoori, a prominent cleric and religious writer, was arrested with his wife along with Sayed Hossein Fali in Qom . There were reports that they were beaten and tortured while in detention. Sayed Hossein Fali was reportedly released in June. Sheikh Mohammad Amin Ghafoori was reported to have been sentenced in July by the Special Court for Clerics to a 2½-year prison term - by a court whose procedures are far from being in line with international legal standards. Five other supporters of the Grand Ayatollah Shirazi, including Reza Sultani, were reportedly arrested in October and held in solitary confinement until the end of the year. Sheikh Sadiq Za'eemiyan was also harassed. "

“Seven students arrested in November apparently for their connections to Grand Ayatollah Shirazi (see Amnesty International Reports 1996 and 1997) were released in June. However, two of them, Aman Allah Bushehri and Sheikh Mohammad Qahtani, were reportedly detained again in July and August. "

"According to reports, the torture methods used against some of the detainees include beatings, long sleep deprivation , electric shocks, and threats to be executed after placing electric electrodes. Sheikh Ali Maash was reported to have sought medical help after his release due to the torture. Among other things, a toe on his right foot was broken and left untreated. "

Publications

  • The Qur'an When was it compiled?
  • The Family
  • On the question of the Bible and Christianity
  • War, Peace & Nonviolence: An Islamic Perspective
  • Islamic Beliefs For All
  • Hajj: Duties and Rulings
  • If Islam were to be established
  • The Islamic System of Government
  • Aspects of the Political Theory of Ayatollah Muhammad Shirazi

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ alshirazi.com
  2. ↑ www.shirazi.org.uk
  3. ↑ See also Reza Afshari, Human Rights in Iran, 2001.
  4. ↑ FDI Newswire Number 36 , February 18, 1997
  5. ↑ Amnesty International Report 1998
  6. ↑ Amnesty International Report 13/24/97
personal data
SURNAME Shirazi, Mohammad Hussein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muhammad ibn Mahdi al-Hussaini al-Shirazi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Iraqi Grand Ayatollah
DATE OF BIRTH 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH Najaf , Iraq
DATE OF DEATH 2001