Monte (music theory)
Monte (also Monte sequence ; Italian monte 'mountain' ) describes a two-part sequence in music theory , the first member of which closes in the key of the fourth degree of a major or minor key and the second member one second higher with a semicircle in this main key ends. The sentence model is particularly important in 18th century European music .
The origin of the term can be found in the beginnings of musical typesetting (1752–1786) by Joseph Riepel : In the second volume ( basic rules for tone order in general ) of this treatise, written in dialogue form, the teacher names the pupil with Monte , Fonte and Ponte three ways to start the second part of a minuet (often corresponds to bars 9–12). Like most of his musical examples, there is also Riepels first example of a Monte only a melody; To illustrate the implicit harmony, a bass part is added to the relevant bars below.
Riepel's minuet is in C major . In bar 9, the fourth degree of this key ( f ) is tonicized by the b ; in measure 11 through the f sharp its fifth stage ( g ). Riepel himself comments laconically: "The first [example], where Monte is standing, begins [...] with a cobbler's mark, which is a little bit different."
Literature examples
The sentence model can be found e.g. B. in the chorale drum so let us forever (bar 5f.) In the cantata Make yourself, my spirit, ready (BWV 115) by Johann Sebastian Bach and in the 3rd movement of the 2nd symphony by Franz Schubert (bar 13– 16).
Sources and literature (chronological)
- Joseph Riepel: Basic rules for tone order in general. Again composed with musical examples and presented in conversation. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1755 ( online ).
- Stefan Eckert: “So, you want to write a Minuet?” - Historical Perspectives in Teaching Theory . In: Music Theory Online 11/2 (2005) ( online ).
- Robert Gjerdingen: Music in the Galant Style. Oxford University Press , Oxford 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531371-0 .
- Elisabeth Egger: Theories of extended tonality and vague chords in the harmony teachings of Hugo Riemann, Heinrich Schenker and Arnold Schönberg . Graz 2008 ( online ).
- Folker Froebe: On Synergies of Schema Theory and Theory of Levels. A Perspective from Riepel's Fonte and Monte . In: Journal of the Society for Music Theory 12/1 (2015), pp. 9–25 ( online) .