Moraxella

Moraxella
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria) Department : Proteobacteria Class : Gammaproteobacteria Order : Pseudomonadales Family : Moraxellaceae Genre : Moraxella
Scientific name
Moraxella
Lwoff 1939

Moraxella (named after Victor Morax ) is a genus of aerobic gram-negative bacteria .

The genus Moraxella is now assigned to the family Moraxellaceae (order Pseudomonadales ) after it was previously assigned to the family Neisseriaceae . They are cocci , diplococci or short rods that form small colonies on blood agar and are oxidase-positive . There are no flagella, but some species can move through what is known as twitching motility . The movement occurs suddenly and is triggered by special pili . Several species belong to the genus, including the cocci species Moraxella catarrhalis , which occurs in the oral flora and oropharynx of humans and which can cause infections of the respiratory tract (with otitis , sinusitis , bronchitis and pneumonia ) as well as infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , and Moraxella bovis , which can cause contagious corneal and conjunctivitis in cattle , and Moraxella osloensis , which is discussed as a biological remedy against slugs , although it can occasionally be pathogenic to humans . Cephalosporins , quinolone antibiotics or tetracyclines can be used for treatment , as resistance to penicillin has developed ( Moraxella catarrhalis is often beta-lactamase- positive and therefore resistant to ampicillin ).

species

A list of the types available:

• Moraxella atlantae Bøvre et al. 1976
• Moraxella boevrei Kodjo et al. 1997
• Moraxella bovis (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Murray 1948
• Moraxella bovoculi Angelos et al. 2007
• Moraxella canis Jannes et al. 1993
• Moraxella caprae Kodjo et al. 1995
• Moraxella catarrhalis Frog and Kolle 1896
• Moraxella cuniculi (Berger 1962) Bøvre and Hagen 1984
• Moraxella equi Hughes and Pugh 1970
• Moraxella lacunata (Eyre 1900) Lwoff 1939
• Moraxella lincolnii Vandamme et al. 1993
• Moraxella nonliquefaciens (Scarlett 1916) Lwoff 1939
• Moraxella oblonga Xie and Yokota 2005
• Moraxella osloensis Bøvre and Henriksen 1967
• Moraxella pluranimalium Vela et al. 2009
• Moraxella porci Vela et al. 2010
• Moraxella saccharolytica Flamm 1956
• Moraxella urethralis Lautrop et al. 1970

literature

• Activation of the human bronchial epithelium by Moraxella catarrhalis Dissertation by Carola Jonatat.
• Tamang MD, Dey S, Makaju RK, Jha BK, Shivananda PG, Bhramadatan KN: Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis infections of the lower respiratory tract in elderly patients . In: Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) . 3, No. 1, 2005, pp. 39-44. PMID 16401943 .
• Powe TA, Nusbaum KE, Hoover TR, Rossmanith SR, Smith PC: Prevalence of nonclinical Moraxella bovis infections in bulls as determined by ocular culture and serum antibody titer . In: J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. . 4, No. 1, January 1992, pp. 78-9. PMID 1554773 .
• Moraxella catarrhalis also makes adults cough (PDF; 72 kB)
• Walls A, Forest E: Neonatal Moraxella osloensis ophthalmia . In: Emerging Infect. Dis. . 11, No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1803-4. PMID 16422012 .
• Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 265.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-95040-0 .
2. ↑ Tan L, Grewal PS: Pathogenicity of Moraxella osloensis, a bacterium associated with the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, to the slug Deroceras reticulatum . In: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. . 67, No. 11, November 2001, pp. 5010-6. doi : 10.1128 / AEM.67.11.5010-5016.2001 . PMID 11679319 . PMC 93264 (free full text).
3. ↑ Han XY, Tarrand JJ: Moraxella osloensis blood and catheter infections during anticancer chemotherapy: clinical and microbiologic studies of 10 cases . In: Am. J. Clin. Pathol. . 121, No. 4, April 2004, pp. 581-7. doi : 10.1309 / QBB3-AVCM-GWA3-K1XK . PMID 15080311 .
4. ↑ Merck Manual: Moraxella catarrhalis Infection
5. ^ Marianne Abele-Horn (2009).
6. ↑ LPSN ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (October 4, 2012)