Muin ad-Din Sökmen I.

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Muin ad-Din (Muʿīn ad-Dīn) Sökmen I. (also Soqman ibn Ortoq ; † October / November 1104 in al-Qaryatain, Syria ) was a ruler from the Turkish Artuqid dynasty and only ruled from 1102 until his death in Hisn Kayfa and then also in Mardin .

He was a son of the dynasty founder and governor of Jerusalem Artuq († 1090). After his death he took over the governorship in Jerusalem together with his brother Il-Ghazi I.

When the army of the First Crusade besieged Antioch in 1098 , Sökmen also joined the Seljuk relief army under Kerboga , which was defeated by the Crusaders on June 28, 1098. Thereupon the Egyptian Fatimids under al-Afdal seized the opportunity and invaded Palestine. Sökmen withstood the Fatimid siege in Jerusalem for 40 days before he was given free retreat to Damascus on August 26, 1098 in return for the surrender of the city . He then retired to relatives in Diyarbakır while the Fatimids occupied the Palestinian coast as far as Beirut .

In 1101 at the latest Sökmen had risen to the rank of Emir of Mardin , when he was repeatedly involved in battles with the Crusader County of Edessa .

After Kerboga, the Atabeg of Mosul, died in 1102 without an heir, Sökmen tried to find a candidate for his successor. However, this was killed by Dschekermisch , who himself took power in Mosul. A violent conflict broke out between Sökmen and Dschekermisch. Only when faced with the threat from the Crusaders did the two rivals briefly allied in 1104 and achieved a joint victory over the Crusaders in the Battle of Harran .

In 1104 Sökmen was called to help by the Qadi of Tripoli , Fachr al-Mulk Ibn Ammar, who had just been besieged by the crusaders under Wilhelm-Jordan . Sökmen went out with his army, but died on the way while suffering from diphtheria and camped in al-Qaryatain.

After his death, his eldest son Ibrahim and his brother Il-Ghazi fought over his inheritance.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Theodor A. Busink: The Temple of Jerusalem. Volume 2. Brill, Leiden 1980, ISBN 9004060472 , p. 938.
  2. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3406399606 , p. 236.
  3. ↑ Cf. Theodor A. Busink: The Temple of Jerusalem. Volume 2. Brill, Leiden 1980, ISBN 9004060472 , p. 939.
  4. ↑ See John Bagot Glubb: The course of empire. The Arabs and their successors. Hodder and Stoughton, 1965, p. 259.
  5. ↑ Cf. René Grousset: Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem. Volume 1. Perrin, Paris 1934, pp. 131, 436.
  6. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3406399606 , p. 350.
  7. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3406399606 , p. 353 ff.
  8. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3406399606 , p. 417.
personal data
SURNAME Muin ad-Din Sökmen I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Suqman; Soqman
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Emir of Mardin
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH October 1104 or November 1104
Place of death al-Qaryatain