Mujeres Libres
The Mujeres Libres (Spanish for "Free Women") was a feminist - anarchist women's organization in the Spanish Civil War . More than 20,000 women fighting were united in this grassroots women's organization. Even so, they hardly find a place in the history books of the Spanish Civil War .
story
The Mujeres Libres were founded in April 1936 by the three women Lucía Sánchez Saornil , Mercedes Comaposada and Amparo Poch y Gascón of the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo , who met with opposition from their comrades for their concern to publish a magazine for women. Despite formal equality, they saw themselves discriminated against. In contrast to bourgeois and communist women's magazines, which deal with supposed women's issues such as fashion and cosmetics, they were convinced that women are just as interested in political issues as men. An important goal was the education of women. The mujeres libres fought both at the front with guns in hand and in the rear. After 1939 a strong repression began against the Free Women . Many were interned in camps. Women who fought were not considered decent women in the Franco era that followed. Only after forty years did some of them dare to talk about their experiences again.
literature
- Martha A. Ackelsberg: Free Women of Spain. Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women . AK Press , ISBN 1-902593-96-0 .
- Martin Baxmeyer: Amparo Poch y Gascón. Biography and stories from the Spanish Revolution. Verlag Graswurzelrevolution , Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-939045-33-5 (for the Mujeres Libres see in particular pp. 56-94).
- Vera Bianchi: Feminists in the Revolution. The Mujeres Libres group in the Spanish Civil War . Unrast Verlag , ISBN 3-89771-203-2 .
- Vera Bianchi: Feminism in Proletarian Practice: The "Syndikalistische Frauenbund" (1920 to 1933) and the "Mujeres Libres" (1936 to 1939) , in progress - Movement - History , Issue I / 2018, pp. 27–44.
- Vera Bianchi (Ed.): Mujeres Libres. Libertarian fighters . Edition AV , Bodenburg / Frankfurt / Berlin / Munich 2019.
- Sabine Behn, Monika Mommertz: "We want to create a conscious female force"; "Mujeres Libres"; anarchist women in revolution and resistance. Reprint from Archive for the History of Resistance and Work 8.1987, pp. 53–68; Syndikat-A , Moers 2006.
- Marianne Kröger (Ed.): Etta Federn: Revolutionary in their own way. Twelve sketches of unconventional women . Psychosozial-Verlag , Giessen 1997
- Temma Kaplan, Liz Willis, Cornelia Krasser (ed.), Jochen Schmück (ed.): Women in the Spanish Revolution 1936-1939 . 2. revised Ed., Libertad Verlag , Potsdam 1986, ISBN 3-922226-27-2 .
- Silke Lohschelder (ed.), Liane M. Dubowy, Inés Gutschmidt: AnarchaFeminismus. On the trail of a utopia . 2nd edition, Unrast Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-89771-200-3 .
- Mary Nash: Mujeres Libres - The free women in Spain 1936-1978. Karin Kramer Verlag , Berlin 1979.
- Elisabeth de Sotelo (Ed.): New Women of Spain; Social-Political and Philosophical Studies of Feminist Thought. Women's studies and emancipatory women's work Vol. 4, Lit , Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-8258-6199-5
Movie
- Vivir la Utopia - The Utopia Live by Juan A Gamero, Arte-TVE 1997. (was also broadcast in German by ARTE ).
- Libertarias (Freedom Fighters) by Vicente Aranda , Spain 1996. Spanish fictional film with English subtitles, fictional to the Mujeres Libres. Film review from the New Internationalist ( Memento from July 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
Web links
- Etta Federn and the Mujeres Libres in Grassroots Revolution magazine 225, January 1998
- Interview with Vera Bianchi about the "mujeres libres" of the Spanish Revolution ( Memento from February 17, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
- Vera Bianchi in the monthly Graswurzelrevolution on feminists in the revolution / Mujeres Libres, June 2006
- detailed article on de.anarchopedia.org ( Memento from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mujeres Libres: El anarquismo y la lucha por la emancipación de las mujeres. 3rd edition, VIRUS editorial, Barcelona 2006, ISBN 84-88455-66-6 .