Mujeres Libres

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Women in the Spanish Civil War 1936, photograph by Gerda Taro

The Mujeres Libres (Spanish for "Free Women") was a feminist - anarchist women's organization in the Spanish Civil War . More than 20,000 women fighting were united in this grassroots women's organization. Even so, they hardly find a place in the history books of the Spanish Civil War .

Cover of edition number 9 of "Mujeres Libres" (1938)

story

The Mujeres Libres were founded in April 1936 by the three women Lucía Sánchez Saornil , Mercedes Comaposada and Amparo Poch y Gascón of the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo , who met with opposition from their comrades for their concern to publish a magazine for women. Despite formal equality, they saw themselves discriminated against. In contrast to bourgeois and communist women's magazines, which deal with supposed women's issues such as fashion and cosmetics, they were convinced that women are just as interested in political issues as men. An important goal was the education of women. The mujeres libres fought both at the front with guns in hand and in the rear. After 1939 a strong repression began against the Free Women . Many were interned in camps. Women who fought were not considered decent women in the Franco era that followed. Only after forty years did some of them dare to talk about their experiences again.

Lucía Sánchez Saornil , leader of the Mujeres Libres in 1933

literature

  • Martha A. Ackelsberg: Free Women of Spain. Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women . AK Press , ISBN 1-902593-96-0 .
  • Martin Baxmeyer: Amparo Poch y Gascón. Biography and stories from the Spanish Revolution. Verlag Graswurzelrevolution , Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-939045-33-5 (for the Mujeres Libres see in particular pp. 56-94).
  • Vera Bianchi: Feminists in the Revolution. The Mujeres Libres group in the Spanish Civil War . Unrast Verlag , ISBN 3-89771-203-2 .
  • Vera Bianchi: Feminism in Proletarian Practice: The "Syndikalistische Frauenbund" (1920 to 1933) and the "Mujeres Libres" (1936 to 1939) , in progress - Movement - History , Issue I / 2018, pp. 27–44.
  • Vera Bianchi (Ed.): Mujeres Libres. Libertarian fighters . Edition AV , Bodenburg / Frankfurt / Berlin / Munich 2019.
  • Sabine Behn, Monika Mommertz: "We want to create a conscious female force"; "Mujeres Libres"; anarchist women in revolution and resistance. Reprint from Archive for the History of Resistance and Work 8.1987, pp. 53–68; Syndikat-A , Moers 2006.
  • Marianne Kröger (Ed.): Etta Federn: Revolutionary in their own way. Twelve sketches of unconventional women . Psychosozial-Verlag , Giessen 1997
  • Temma Kaplan, Liz Willis, Cornelia Krasser (ed.), Jochen Schmück (ed.): Women in the Spanish Revolution 1936-1939 . 2. revised Ed., Libertad Verlag , Potsdam 1986, ISBN 3-922226-27-2 .
  • Silke Lohschelder (ed.), Liane M. Dubowy, Inés Gutschmidt: AnarchaFeminismus. On the trail of a utopia . 2nd edition, Unrast Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-89771-200-3 .
  • Mary Nash: Mujeres Libres - The free women in Spain 1936-1978. Karin Kramer Verlag , Berlin 1979.
  • Elisabeth de Sotelo (Ed.): New Women of Spain; Social-Political and Philosophical Studies of Feminist Thought. Women's studies and emancipatory women's work Vol. 4, Lit , Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-8258-6199-5

Movie

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mujeres Libres: El anarquismo y la lucha por la emancipación de las mujeres. 3rd edition, VIRUS editorial, Barcelona 2006, ISBN 84-88455-66-6 .