Mumps vaccine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The mumps virus

A mumps vaccine is a vaccine against infections with the mumps virus . The mumps vaccine is on the World Health Organization's list of Essential Medicines .

properties

The mumps vaccine is a live attenuated mumps vaccine and was first approved in the United States in 1969, replacing a less effective inactivated mumps vaccine approved in 1948. Vaccine strains of attenuated mumps viruses are z. B. the most widely used vaccine strain Jeryl Lynn as well as RIT 4385 (based on Jeryl Lynn ), Leningrad-3 , L-Zagreb (based on Leningrad-3 ), Hoshino , Urabe AM9 and Rubini . The first attenuated mumps vaccine was developed in Maurice Hilleman's group. Jeryl Lynn is the given name of Hilleman's daughter and the vaccine strain was isolated from her throat. Attenuation was then carried out through seven passages in embryonated chicken eggs and ten passages in CEF cells . This attenuation was rated as insufficient due to the occasional occurrence of parotitis , which is why another attenuation ( level B ) increased tolerability. The Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain was later found to be a mixture of two different mumps viruses, of which JL 1 is adapted to Vero cells and chicken embryonic fibroblast cells ( CEF cells) and JL 2 to embryonated hen's eggs.

The Leningrad-3 vaccine strain was developed in the 1950s by Smrodintsev and Klyachko through passengers in kidney cells from guinea pigs and in embryonic cells from Japanese quail and used in the USSR , among others . From this, the vaccine strain L-Zagreb was developed in Croatia by passengers in CEF cells , which was used in Yugoslavia and India . The Urabe vaccine strain was first approved in Japan and later used in Belgium, France and Italy. The Rubini vaccine strain was developed through over 30 passages and used in Switzerland , but has a lower vaccination effect.

Nowadays, mumps vaccines are usually part of the multiple vaccines MMR vaccine (together with a measles vaccine and a rubella vaccine ; approval USA 1971 and 1980 in Germany) and MMRV vaccine (additionally with a varicella vaccine ; approval USA 2005 and Germany 2006). Originally there was also a combination vaccination with measles (MM, e.g. MM Diplovax ), in Germany this combination vaccination was recommended for the first time in 1976 (from age 2, from 1980 widely used from age 15 months). In the meantime, neither mumps nor MM vaccines are available in Germany.

immunology

After a vaccination, neutralizing antibodies are produced that protect against a new mumps infection. Mumps viruses (MuV) are relatively little variable, all variants belong to the same serotype . After one vaccination, about 78% of those vaccinated have immunity to the mumps virus, after a second vaccination about 88%. The neutralizing antibodies are directed against the surface proteins of the mumps virus, F1 (synonym hemagglutinin - neuraminidase , HN) and F2, which together form a heterodimer called the F protein . The epitopes for neutralizing antibodies are on the F protein. In the F protein there is an escape mutation at position 373, which leads to additional glycosylation ; a glycosylation can also be removed by mutation at position 323. In the case of the Jeryl Lynn JL5 vaccine strain , slight vaccination effects were attributed to deviations in the amino acid sequence of the F protein.

Side effects

Adverse drug reactions with mumps vaccines include pain at the injection site and one day flu-like symptoms. Meningitis can occur in very rare cases (1: 227,000 in the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain ). The Urabe vaccine strain is more likely to develop meningitis (1: 143,000 versus 1: 227,000 for the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain ).

There are no safety concerns against further MMR vaccination (s) with existing immunity to one of the components (“over-vaccination”), and a combined vaccination does not lead to increased undesirable effects.

Contraindications

Contraindications are pregnancy and immunosuppression .

Manufacturing

Examination of an embryonated chicken egg before infection

Mumps vaccines are produced in infected embryonated chicken eggs with subsequent virus isolation . One vaccine dose contains more than 10 3.7 or 5000 TCID 50 of vaccine viruses.

Trade names

A trade name for mumps vaccines is e.g. B. Mumpsvax .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mumps virus vaccines. In: Weekly epidemiological record . tape 82 , no. 7 , February 16, 2007, p. 49-60 , PMID 17304707 ( who.int [PDF]).
  2. ↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. (PDF) In: World Health Organization. October 2013, accessed April 22, 2014 .
  3. ^ World Health Organization: The Mumps Vaccine. (No longer available online.) In: Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. March 1998, archived from the original on April 23, 2006 ; Retrieved May 24, 2006 .
  4. ↑ G. Amexis et al .: Quantitative mutant analysis of viral quasispecies by chip-based matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry . In: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . tape 98 , no. 21 , 2001, p. 12097-12102 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.211423298 , PMID 11593021 , PMC 59774 (free full text).
  5. ↑ G. Amexis et al .: Sequence diversity of Jeryl Lynn strain of mumps virus: quantitative mutant analysis for vaccine quality control . In: Virology . tape 300 , no. 2 , 2002, p. 171-179 , doi : 10.1006 / viro.2002.1499 , PMID 12350348 .
  6. ↑ M. Beck et al .: Mumps vaccine L-Zagreb, prepared in chick fibroblasts. I. Production and field trials in Journal of Biological Standardization, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1989, pp. 85-90. PMID 2646300 .
  7. ^ Y. Okuno et al .: Studies on the use of mumps virus for treatment of human cancer. In: Biking Journal. Volume 21, Issue 2, 1978, pp. 37-49. PMID 749908 .
  8. ^ G. Ong, KT Goh, S. Ma, SK Chew: Comparative efficacy of Rubini, Jeryl-Lynn and Urabe mumps vaccine in an Asian population. In: Journal of Infection . Volume 51, Issue 4, 2005, pp. 294-298, doi: 10.1016 / j.jinf.2004.10.001 . PMID 16291282 .
  9. ^ Vaccine Timeline. Retrieved February 10, 2015 .
  10. ↑ a b DISCUSSION ABOUT MEASURE VACCINATION In: Medicinal Telegram . 2013, accessed May 29, 2020 .
  11. ^ Deborah Mitchell, The Essential Guide to Children's Vaccines . St. Martin's Press, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-4668-2750-9 , pp. 127 ( google.ca ).
  12. ↑ STIKO: STIKO recommendations 1976 . Robert Koch Institute, August 1, 1976 ( rki.de [accessed April 4, 2020]).
  13. ^ STIKO: STIKO recommendations 1980 . Robert Koch Institute, September 1, 1980 ( rki.de [accessed April 4, 2020]).
  14. ↑ An overview of vaccination recommendations. (PDF) In: RKI. December 13, 2018, accessed April 4, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Mumps Vaccines. In: Paul Ehrlich Institute. May 22, 2020, accessed June 4, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Vaccinations A - Z - Vaccination against mumps: Frequently asked questions and answers. In: RKI. April 20, 2017, accessed June 4, 2020 .
  17. ↑ J. Ivancic-Jelecki, M. Santak, D. Forcic: Variability of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and nucleocapsid protein of vaccine and wild-type mumps virus strains. In: Infect Genet Evol. Volume 8, Issue 5, 2008, pp. 603-613. doi: 10.1016 / j.meegid.2008.04.007 . PMID 18508415 .
  18. ^ Mumps - Vaccination. In: cdc.gov. May 29, 2015, accessed November 23, 2017 .
  19. ↑ U. Kulkarni-Kale et al .: Mapping antigenic diversity and strain specificity of mumps virus: a bioinformatics approach. In: Virology. Volume 359, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 436-446. PMID 17081582 .
  20. ↑ a b M. Şantak, C. Örvell, TK Gulija: Identification of conformational neutralization sites on the fusion protein of mumps virus. In: Journal of General Virology. 96, 2015, p. 982, doi: 10.1099 / vir.0.000059 . PMID 25614584 .
  21. ↑ E Jane Homan, Robert D Bremel: Are cases of mumps in vaccinated patients attributable to mismatches in both vaccine T-cell and B-cell epitopes? In: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 10, 2014, p. 290, doi: 10.4161 / hv.27139 . PMID 24275080 .
  22. ↑ G. Amexis, N. Fineschi, K. Chumakov: Correlation of genetic variability with safety of mumps vaccine Urabe AM9 strain. In: Virology. Volume 287, Issue 1, 2001, pp. 234-41, doi: 10.1006 / viro.2001.1009 . PMID 11504558 .
  23. ^ Robert Koch Institute: Communication from the Standing Vaccination Commission at the Robert Koch Institute: Recommendation and scientific justification for the alignment of the professionally indicated measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccinations . In: Epidemiological Bulletin . No. 2 , January 9, 2020, p. 3–22 ( rki.de [PDF]).