Fusogenic protein

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Fusogenic proteins (synonymous cell-cell fusogens ) are transmembrane glycoproteins that cause cell fusion . Fusogenic proteins are sometimes also referred to as fusion proteins , but this can be confused with fusion proteins .

properties

They are used in animals for cell fusion, e.g. B. in the fusion of gametes in fertilization , in myogenesis , in the formation of the placenta , in the remodeling of bones , in the immune response and in organ development . In Caenorhabditis elegans, the protein EFF-AFF mediates the fusion of the anchor cell with the border of the uterus .

Fusogenic proteins occur in some viruses for cell entry and syncytia formation . Viral fusogens are e.g. B. the hemagglutinin of the influenza virus , the HBsAg of the hepatitis B virus , the fusogenic protein of the human cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses , the Sendai virus or the glycoprotein VSV-G of the vesicular stomatitis virus .

Applications

In biochemistry, in vitro cell fusions with fusogenic proteins are carried out using the EBV variant of the hybridoma technique .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b K. Shilagardi, S. Li, F. Luo, F. Marikar, R. Duan, P. Jin, JH Kim, K. Murnen, EH Chen: Actin-propelled invasive membrane protrusions promote fusogenic protein engagement during cell cell fusion. In: Science Volume 340, Number 6130, April 2013, pp. 359-363, doi: 10.1126 / science.1234781 , PMID 23470732 , PMC 3631436 (free full text).
  2. ↑ O. Avinoam, B. Podbilewicz: Eukaryotic cell-cell fusion families. In: Current topics in membranes. Volume 68, 2011, pp. 209-234, doi: 10.1016 / B978-0-12-385891-7.00009-X , PMID 21771501 .
  3. ↑ Sapir A, Choi J, Leikina E, Avinoam O, Valansi C, Chernomordik LV, Newman AP, Podbilewicz B: AFF-1, a FOS-1-regulated fusogen, mediates fusion of the anchor cell in C. elegans . In: Developmental Cell . 12, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 683-98. doi : 10.1016 / j.devcel.2007.03.003 . PMID 17488621 . PMC 1975806 (free full text).
  4. Jump up ↑ O. Avinoam, K. Fridman, C. Valansi, I. Abutbul, T. Zeev-Ben-Mordehai, UE Maurer, A. Sapir, D. Danino, K. Grünewald, JM White, B. Podbilewicz: Conserved eukaryotic fusogens can fuse viral envelopes to cells. In: Science. Volume 332, number 6029, April 2011, pp. 589-592, doi: 10.1126 / science.1202333 , PMID 21436398 , PMC 3084904 (free full text).
  5. ↑ JP Richard, E. Leikina, LV Chernomordik: cytoskeleton reorganization in influenza hemagglutinin-initiated syncytium formation. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . Volume 1788, number 2, February 2009, pp. 450-457, doi: 10.1016 / j.bbamem.2008.09.014 , PMID 18976631 , PMC 2668568 (free full text).
  6. ↑ D. Atanasiu, WT Saw, GH Cohen, RJ Eisenberg: Cascade of events governing cell-cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gD, gH / gL, and gB. In: Journal of virology. Volume 84, number 23, December 2010, pp. 12292-12299, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.01700-10 , PMID 20861251 , PMC 2976417 (free full text).
  7. ^ BP Hannah, EE Heldwein, FC Bender, GH Cohen, RJ Eisenberg: Mutational evidence of internal fusion loops in herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B. In: Journal of virology. Volume 81, Number 9, May 2007, pp. 4858-4865, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.02755-06 , PMID 17314168 , PMC 1900191 (free full text).
  8. ^ CA Kruse, BJ Wisnieski, G. Popják: Characterization of a glycoprotein fusogen isolated from Sendai virus. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Volume 797, Number 1, January 1984, pp. 40-50, PMID 6318835 .
  9. ↑ E. Traggiai, S. Becker, K. Subbarao, L. Kolesnikova, Y. Uematsu, MR Gismondo, BR Murphy, R. Rappuoli, A. Lanzavecchia : An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus. In: Nature Medicine . Volume 10, Number 8, August 2004, pp. 871-875, doi: 10.1038 / nm1080 , PMID 15247913 .