Muntjak deer

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Muntjak deer
Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)

Chinese muntjac ( Muntiacus reevesi )

Systematics
Order : Artiodactyla (Artiodactyla)
Subordination : Ruminants (ruminantia)
without rank: Forehead weapon bearer (Pecora)
Family : Deer (Cervidae)
Subfamily : Cervinae
Tribe : Muntjak deer
Scientific name
Muntiacini
Knottnerus-Meyer , 1907
Genera

The Muntjak deer ( Muntiacini) are a tribe of the deer (Cervidae). They live in southern and eastern Asia.

features

They are rather small deer that are characterized by simple antlers . This only consists of a pole with one or two ends and, as with almost all deer, is only carried by the males. Like musk deer and water deer , they have long canine teeth in their upper jaw that protrude from their mouths.

Genera and species

A distinction is made between two genera: The (real) Muntjaks ( Muntiacus ) comprise eleven species, several of which were only discovered in the 1990s. The giant muntjac , which was previously placed in its own genus, is now also assigned to this genus. The tufted deer ( Elaphodus Cephalophus ) is provided because of some features (larger body, smaller canines smaller antlers basis) in its own genus.

Originally, the Muntjak deer were managed as an independent subfamily (Muntiacinae) and compared to the other deer due to their rather primitive characteristics. In 1974 Colin Peter Groves recognized that due to the " plesiometacarpals " structure of the forefeet (that is, only the proximal (close to the body) parts of the reduced 2nd and 5th toes are present), they were associated with the real deer (Cervini) are closely related. Molecular genetic studies could later confirm this.

The tribe is composed as follows:

  • Tribus Muntiacini Knottnerus-Meyer , 1907
  • Genus Elaphodus Milne-Edwards , 1872
  • Tufted deer ( Elaphodus Cephalophus Milne-Edwards , 1872)
  • Genus Muntjaks ( Muntiacus rafinesque , 1815)
  • Vietnam muntjac ( Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai , 1997)
  • Burmese muntjac ( Muntiacus putaoensis Amato, Egan & Rabinowitz , 1999)
  • Roosevelt muntjac ( Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood , 1932)
  • Annam muntjac ( Muntiacus truongsonensis ( Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander & Mackinnon , 1997))
  • Giant Muntjac ( Muntiacus vuquangensis ( Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Dawson, Arctander & Mackinnon , 1994))
  • Muntiacus muntjak group
  • Muntiacus crinifrons group
  • Muntiacus reevesi group

literature

  • Colin Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1–317 (SS 71–107)
  • Hubert Hendrichs and Roland Frey: Cervidae, deer. In: Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (Ed.): Special Zoology. Part 2: vertebrates or skulls . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg - Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0307-3 , pp. 628-630.
  • S. Mattioli: Family Cervidae (Deer). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 350-443
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ George Gaylord Simpson: The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1945, pp. 1–350 (pp. 270–272)
  2. ^ Colin Peter Groves: A note on the systematic position of the Muntjac (Artiodactyla, Cervidae). Journal for Mammalian Science 39, 1974, pp. 369-372
  3. ↑ Clément Gilbert, Anne Ropiquet and Alexandre Hassanin: Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40, 2006, pp 101-117
  4. ↑ Alexandre Hassanin, Frédéric Delsuc, Anne Ropiquet, Catrin Hammer, Bettine Jansen van Vuuren, Conrad Matthee, Manuel Ruiz-Garcia, François Catzeflis, Veronika Areskoug, Trung Thanh Nguyen and Arnaud Couloux: Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactalia, Lauriala (Mammia ), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes. Comptes Rendus Palevol 335, 2012, pp. 32-50
  5. ^ S. Mattioli: Family Cervidae (Deer). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 350-443
  6. ↑ Colin Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1–317 (SS 71–107)

Web links

Commons : Muntiacinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files