Willfulness

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Hans Deiters : Mutwill (who pours out his cornucopia), Residenztheater Wiesbaden

The willfulness is in today's understanding an "intentional, conscious, willful maliciousness or frivolity" (online Duden). In the German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, courage is attributed to the "driving or moving will", although several meanings can be historically proven. Johann Christoph Adelung speaks of "a kind of voluntariness in bad things".

“Willingness is actually the will of courage, that is, of disposition, mood; So wanton is someone who is guided by no other will than that of his own mood. So the wanton does not limit his inner feeling of strength in any way, but lets him take the reins completely. In this original meaning the word is equal to arrogance, arrogant. One says z. For example: the filling jumps around willfully, young wanton girls etc. The increase in wantonness is sacrilege . "

Word meaning

The word “courage” can be found in Old High German and Middle High German as “muot” in the sense of: “ Power of thought, state of mind, disposition ”.

Will means in Middle High German: "will", Old High German "willo", Germanic "* weljōn" in the sense of "directed action, decisive striving". The word has been used since the 8th century.

The broad meaning of the word willfulness, even today, can be seen in the synonyms that can be used for it, such as E.g. exuberance, deliberateness, debauchery, exuberant happiness, impudence, thoughtlessness, humor, intentionality, recklessness, carelessness, madness, defiance, carelessness, carelessness, carelessness, carelessness, arrogance, arrogance, exuberance, licentiousness, rampant mood, unrestrained lifestyle, etc. .

The Mutwillensstrafe is the punishment for willful action or behavior.

Willingness in the right

The German legal dictionary (DRW) knows several meanings of the word willfulness or willfulness, etc., whereby from around 1400 mainly understanding in today's sense begins to predominate, while previously the meaning of negative (in the sense of outrage, breach of law, malice, etc. .) but was also more positive (courage) or weakened (e.g. in the sense of a prank ). In the Sachsenspiegel (1220/1230) willfulness is already seen as an opposition to law and order. Both the DRW and the German Dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm know the phrase "in mischief ahead" in the sense and as a paraphrase of " fornication drive" rape drift or "in lust life" (see also in the Bible, Genesis, 39.17: “The Hebrew slave whom you brought us came to me to do his mischief with me” and Book of Judges, 19.25: “They abused them and drove all night until morning their mischief with her ”).

In variants of the intentional term (intention, knowledge, deliberation, malevolence, malice, mischief, sacrilege and malice) by Hans-Heinrich Borchard, mischief is used in a narrow understanding.

biology

The name of the plant rough carnation (Dianthus armeria) is said to have been named after Philipp Andreas Nemnich (1764–1822) and Hieronymus Bock (1498–1554) “in several places willfulness and arrogance”.

Web links

Wiktionary: Mutwille  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: willfully  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Online Duden .
  2. a b Willingness. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . 16 volumes in 32 sub-volumes, 1854–1960. S. Hirzel, Leipzig ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  3. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung . In: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect . Vienna 1811.
  4. ^ Similar to Johann Christoph Adelung in: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect . Vienna 1811.
  5. See Johann August Eberhard . In: Synonymous concise dictionary of the German language for everyone who wants to express themselves correctly in this language. Along with detailed instructions on how to use it effectively . Hall 1802; 13th edition by Lyon and Wilbrandt, Leipzig 1882). textlog.de 1910 .
  6. Will . In: Friedrich Kluge, edited by Elmar Seebold: Etymological dictionary of the German language . 24th, revised and expanded edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-017473-1 , p. 990.
  7. ^ See also Johann Christoph Adelung in: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect . Vienna 1811.
  8. See e.g. E.g .: Saxon Sp. 1, 62, 7.
  9. See also: Gen 49: 5-7; Ri 20.6; It. 30.12; Dan. 6.17; Ps. 140,9 (in some translations different words were chosen).
  10. Hans-Heinrich Borchard, Göttingen 1921, legal dissertation.