N'Quatqua

Today's reservations (orange) of the N'quatqua First Nation in British Columbia

Anderson Lake

The N'Quatqua First Nation or N'quatqua Nation , also known as the Anderson Lake Indian Band or Anderson Lake First Nation , is one of over 600 First Nations in Canada . It belongs to the St'at'imc in southern British Columbia near D'Arcy .

Number of N'Quatqua recognized as status Indians

In 1996 only 155 people belonged to the tribe, in 2001 already 170, in November 2009 the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development , which was responsible for Indian affairs in Canada, counted 304 people among the N'Quatqua. Of these, 164 lived in the reservation , 41 in other reservations, and 99 outside the reservation. In September 2018 the institution counted 367 N'Quatqua, of which 165 were on the reservation and 159 were outside of the reservation.

Tribal councils

In contrast to the other groups of the St'at'imc , the N'Quatqua, like the In-SHUCK-ch , do not belong to the Lillooet Tribal Council , the largest regional tribal organization. Instead, they belong to the Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council .

history

The region's two lakes, Seton and Anderson Lake, trace back to a larger lake that was divided by a landslide. This was part of the collapse of the up to 2,900 m high Cayoosh Range at least 8,000 years ago. If people lived here at that time, no trace of them remained, as the huge tsunami completely changed the landscape.

Chief Hunter Jack (possibly Tash Poli) ended, following the oral tradition of the Lilwat, a long war with the Chilcotin , for which he learned their language. He also controlled the passageways to the western gold areas on the Fraser River . He was on good terms with the Hudson's Bay Company . He was followed by his son Thomas Jack as hyas tyee (a kind of chief).

Before the reserve was established in 1858, N'Quatqua and Tsalalh were considered to be a separate group from the Lillooet, known as Lake Lillooet or Lexalexamux, and to which another group came the Skimka'imx who lived near Lillooet. In the wake of the Fraser Canyon gold rush , Port Anderson was founded to improve the connection to the gold deposits on the Fraser River via the Lakes Route . The lake was renamed after the head of this expansion, Alexander Caulfield Anderson. Thousands of gold prospectors streamed into the province, which the Indian groups on the upper Fraser felt, because the salmon , on which their life depended, often no longer reached the upper river. In addition, hunting and fishing rights were severely restricted, the Indians restricted to their reservations and the rest of the land was sold or given to railway companies.

On May 10, 1911, the anthropologist James Teit recorded the Declaration of the Lillooet Tribe , with which the tribe resisted the expropriation of their territories. The Lillooet are not part of the negotiation process with which the Province of British Columbia is trying to come to contractual agreements with the approximately 200 tribes. The N'Quatqua, however, broke away from this tribal council to allow further negotiations.

In 1999 land management was contractually transferred from the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development to 14 tribes, including the N'Quatqua.

From April 24 to June 24, 2006, N'quatqua blocked a street near D'Arcy to stop trucks. These were loggers who wanted to cut down 85 hectares of primeval forest (old growth). At the same time, the tribe sued the two main causes of forest destruction in their area, the companies CRB Logging and Ainsworth Lumber .

The N'Quatqua maintain the Red Barn campground , an extensive campground on 22 km long Anderson Lake.

Reservations

Of the reservations listed by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development , Anderson Lake 5 is by far the largest with 594.6 hectares . Nequatque 1 follows with 177 hectares , which practically corresponds to the village of N'Quatqua at the confluence of the Gates River with Anderson Lake. There are also four other reserves (Nequatque 2, 3, 3a and 4), which cover 7.1 ha, 8.1 ha, 9.5 and 8 ha. They are located on the east bank of the Gates River 3 km from Anderson Lake at Devine (2), on the west bank of the river about 3 and 4 km from Anderson Lake in the same place (3 and 3a) and on the east bank of the river, 10 km away from the lake.

literature

• Joanne Drake-Terry: The Same As Yesterday. The Lillooet Chronicle and the Theft of Their Lands and Resources . Lillooet Tribal Council, Lillooet 1989, ISBN 0-88925-925-9 .
• Trefor Smith: Our Stories are Written on the Land. A Brief History of the Upper St'at'imc 1800-1940 . Upper St'at'imc Language, Culture and Education Society, Lillooet 1998, ISBN 1-896719-08-2 .

Web links

• Website of the N'Quatqua
• map
• Firstnations.de St'át'imc
• Nicole Schabus: Skiing in British Columbia (Canada): The other side of the coin has some inglorious stains. Are Indians losing their last refuges? , in: Wiener Zeitung, March 29, 2002
• No 2010 Olympics on Stolen Native Land , archive.org, October 26, 2009

See also

• History of the Coastal Salish
• History of British Columbia
• List of Indian tribes recognized in Canada

Remarks

1. ^ N'Quatqua , website of the then Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.
2. ↑ N'Quatqua ( Memento of the original dated August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Lower Stat'imc Tribal Council, N'Quatqua ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ 1911 The Declaration of the Lillooet Tribe ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ [http: //web.archive.org/web/20091026163912/ http://www.fafnlm.com/content/en/PressReleases03.html Historic First Nations Land Legislation Proclaimed, in: First Nations Land Advisory Board ], 18 June 1999, archive.org, October 26, 2009.
6. ↑ See also: Judge Halts N'quatqua Logging Near Anderson Lake, BC ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
7. ↑ Jack Christie: The Whistler Book: All-Season Outdoor Guide , Vancouver 2005, p. 209.
8. ↑ Reserves ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.