Northern fruit bug

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Northern fruit bug
Northern fruit bug

Northern fruit bug

Systematics
Family : Stink bugs (Pentatomidae)
Subfamily : Pentatominae
Tribe : Carpocorini
Genre : Carpocoris
Subgenus : Carpocoris
Type : Northern fruit bug
Scientific name
Carpocoris fuscispinus
( Boheman , 1851)

The northern fruit bug ( Carpocoris fuscispinus ) is a bug from the family of stink bugs (Pentatomidae).

features

The bugs are 11-14 mm long, they are broadly oval, the top flat and hardly arched. Their basic color is very variable, from yellow-gray to yellow-brown, reddish to darker brown. The head, pronotum and shield are drawn dark, with four contrasting black spots almost always at the base of the pronotum. The whole top is dotted relatively densely and slightly shiny. The front edge of the pronotum to the side corners is sharp-edged and slightly curved. The clearly protruding corners of the pronotum are slightly curved backwards and colored black, the shape of the protrusion is somewhat variable. The protrusion is colored black. The label is large, elongated triangular in shape and shorter than the corium of the half-ceilings. The innermost antennae is brown, while the remaining four are black. The second, fourth and fifth links are about the same length as each other, they are about twice as long as the third.

The species can be distinguished from the related species as follows: in Carpocoris melanocerus the abdomen is wider than the pronotum, and the label of this species is indented in a y-shape on the top. Carpocoris pudicus has a clear groove on the outside of the label, which makes its tip appear detached. In the very similar purple fruit bug ( Carpocoris purpureipennis ), the side corners of the pronotum are rounded and less prominent. According to Ribes and colleagues, the shape of the spot in the side corners of the pronotum can also be used to differentiate, which is rather massive in C. fuscispinus and narrower and more crescent-shaped in C. purpureipennis . It is also difficult to distinguish it from the Mediterranean-Atlantic Carpocoris mediterraneus , which does not occur in Central Europe .

distribution

The species lives in large parts of Europe, from southern Scandinavia to the northern Mediterranean region, where it is restricted to mountainous areas. It is absent in the British Isles and possibly also along the French Atlantic coast. To the east it occurs via Anatolia, Iran, Central Asia, northern India and southern Russia to western China ( Xinjiang ). Data from the southern Mediterranean and North Africa refer to the closely related Carpocoris mediterraneus .

In Central Europe the species is widespread and common everywhere. It is found in all types of habitats, including quite common in forests.

Way of life

The flight time of the northern fruit bug lasts from May to September, adults of the new generation appear from July. The forage plants include umbelliferae ( Apiaceae ), daisy family ( Asteraceae ) and mullein . Since unripe grains are also vacuumed, it is considered a, less important, pest in agriculture. Symbiotic bacteria, which live extracellularly in protuberances (crypts) of the midgut, which are arranged in four rows, help digest food. The bug species overwinters as an imago. The eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves of various herbaceous plants.

The animals communicate with each other through vibration signals that are inaudible to humans, with which males both attract females and try to deter rivals.

Stages of development

The northern fruit bug goes through five nymph stages during its development. These are completed in approx. 45 days.

  • Younger nymph stage

  • 5. Nymph stage

  • also 5th nymph stage

Taxonomy

The genus Carpocoris belongs to the tribe Carpocorini , it is represented in Western Europe with five species. Carpucoris fuscispinus belongs to the purpureipennis species group, which is characterized by a morphological feature, two teeth on the parameters of the male reproductive organs, the species were also shown to belong together in a genetic analysis. Differentiation from the related Carpocoris mediterraneus is difficult and controversial . Ribes and colleagues synonymized this with Carpocoris fuscispinus because they considered the morphological distinguishing features given up to then to be too variable and unreliable during a revision. In a subsequent investigation, Lupoli and colleagues indicated new morphological differences and were also able to differentiate the species genetically. Above all, the western subspecies Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus Tamanini, 1958, is very similar and only distinguishable according to one characteristic, the shape of the lateral margin of the pronotum.

Forms, varieties and subspecies that used to be partially different, which were mainly set up according to drawing variants, are no longer considered justified today. One of the synonyms is Pentatoma hahni Flor, 1856.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Roland Lupoli, François Dusoulier, Astrid Cruaud, Sandrine Cros-Arteil, Jean-Claude Streit (2013): Morphological, biogeographical and molecular evidence of Carpocoris mediterraneus as a valid species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 3609 (4): 392-410.
  2. ^ Eduard Wagner: Bugs or Heteroptera, I. Pentatomorpha. In: Friedrich Dahl (founder): The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea. 54th part. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1966.
  3. ^ A b J. Ribes, S. Pagola-Carte, I. Zabalegui (2008): On some Palearctic Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Heteropterus Revista de Entomoloia 8 (2): 155-169.
  4. ↑ Gülten Külekçi, Erol Yildirim, Serdar Tezcan: Contribution to the knowledge of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) fauna of Turkey. In: Linz biological contributions. 41st year, issue 1, Linz 2009, pp. 697-708 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  5. ↑ DA Rider, LY Zheng, IM Kerzhner (2002): Checklist and nomenclatural notes on the Chinese Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). II Pentatominae. Zoosystematica Rossica 11: 135-153.
  6. ^ A b Carl W. Schaefer, Antonio Ricardo Panizzi: Heteroptera of Economic Importance. CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 978-1-4200-4185-9 , p. 451.
  7. ↑ G. Czihak, H. Langer, H. Ziegler: Biology: A textbook. Springer Verlag, 6th edition 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-85264-0 , pp. 483-484.
  8. ↑ LS Shestakov (2015): A Comparative Analysis of Vibrational Signals in 16 Sympatric Bug Species (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Entomological Review 95 (3): 310-325.
  9. ↑ Jordi Ribes, Dimitry A. Gapon, Santiago Pagola-Carte (2007): On some species of Carpocoris Kolenati, 1846: new synonymies (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Mainz Natural Science Archive, Supplement 31: 187-198.

Web links

Commons : Northern Fruit Bug ( Carpocoris fuscispinus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files